Recombinant Human IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 (aa 6-158) Protein, CF

Recombinant Human IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 (Catalog # 6995-IL/CF) induces IL-8 secretion in A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells. The ED50 for this effect is 4-24 ng/mL.

1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human IL‑36 alpha /IL‑1F6 (aa 6-158) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 16 kDa.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 (aa 6-158) Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to induce IL-8 secretion in A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 4-24 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 protein
  Lys6-Phe158
• Accession #: NP_055255
• N-terminal Sequence: Lys6
• Structure / Form: Monomer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: IL36A
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 17 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 16 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Tris, NaCl, TCEP, EDTA and Tween^® 20 with Trehalose.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in Water.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 (aa 6-158) Protein, CF

• FIL1 epsilon
• FIL1
• FIL1(EPSILON)
• FIL1E
• IL-1 epsilon
• IL1(EPSILON)
• IL1E
• IL-1E
• IL-1F6 (FIL-1-epsilon)
• IL1F6
• IL-1F6
• IL36 alpha
• IL-36 alpha
• IL36A
• interleukin 1 family, member 6 (epsilon)
• interleukin 1, epsilon
• Interleukin 36, Alpha
• Interleukin-1 epsilon
• interleukin-1 family member 6
• Interleukin-36 Alpha

Background

Human IL-36 alpha , previously called IL-1F6 and FIL1 epsilon  (family of IL-1 member epsilon), is a member of the IL-1 family which includes IL-1 beta , IL-1 alpha , IL-1ra, IL-18, and novel family members IL-36 Ra (IL-1F5), IL-36 beta (IL-1F8), IL-36 gamma (IL-1F9), IL-37 (IL-1F7) and IL‑38 (IL‑1F10) (1‑4). All family members show a 12  beta ‑strand, beta -trefoil configuration, and are believed to have arisen from a common ancestral gene (1, 2). IL-36 alpha is an 18‑22 kDa, 158 amino acid (aa) intracellular and secreted protein that contains no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential from N‑linked glycosylation sites (1‑3). It can be released in response to LPS and the cell ATP‑induced activation of the P2X7 receptor (5). A 120 aa isoform missing aa 1‑38 has been reported (6). Human IL‑36 alpha (aa 6 ‑ 158) shares 57‑68% aa sequence identity with mouse, rabbit, equine and bovine IL‑36 alpha and 27‑57% aa sequence identity with other novel IL‑1 family members. IL‑36 alpha is mainly found in skin and lymphoid tissues, but also in fetal brain, trachea, stomach and intestine (1, 3, 7). It is expressed by monocytes, B and T cells (1, 2). The receptor for IL‑36 alpha is a combination of IL‑1 Rrp2 (also called IL1RL2 or IL‑1 R6), mainly found in epithelia and keratinocytes, and the widely expressed IL‑1 RAcP (3, 7). IL-36 alpha , beta , and gamma all activate NF-kappa B and MAPK pathways in an IL‑1 Rrp2 dependent manner, and induce production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL8/IL-8 (7). IL-36 alpha and other family members are overexpressed in psoriatic skin lesions, and transgenic overexpression of IL‑36 alpha in skin keratinocytes produces epidermal hyperplasia (7‑9). IL-36 alpha is present in kidney tubule epithelia, and it is highly expressed in intubulointerstitial lesions in mouse models of chronic glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and diabetic nephritis (10).

1. Smith, D.E. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:1169.
2. Dunn, E. et al. (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:533.
3. Barksby, H.E. et al. (2007) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 149:217.
4. Dinarello, C. et al. (2010) Nat. Immunol. 11:973.
5. Martin, U. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:4021.
6. Entrez Accession # EAW73614.
7. Towne, J.E. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:13677.
8. Blumberg, H. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:4354.
9. Johnston, A. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:2613.
10. Ichii, O. et al. (2010) Lab. Invest. 90:459.

Publications for IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 (6995-IL/CF)(5)

Publications using 6995-IL/CF

• A Müller, A Dickmanns, C Resch, K Schäkel, S Hailfinger, M Dobbelstei, K Schulze-Os, D Kramer The CDK4/6-EZH2 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis J. Clin. Invest., 2020-11-02;0(0):. 2020-11-02 [PMID: 32701505] (Cell Culture, Human)
• JE Heath, GM Scholz, PD Veith, EC Reynolds IL-36? regulates mediators of tissue homeostasis in epithelial cells Cytokine, 2019-03-08;119(0):24-31. 2019-03-08 [PMID: 30856602] (Bioassay, Human)
• WR Swindell, MA Beamer, MK Sarkar, S Loftus, J Fullmer, X Xing, NL Ward, LC Tsoi, MJ Kahlenberg, Y Liang, JE Gudjonsson RNA-Seq Analysis of IL-1B and IL-36 Responses in Epidermal Keratinocytes Identifies a Shared MyD88-Dependent Gene Signature Front Immunol, 2018-01-29;9(0):80. 2018-01-29 [PMID: 29434599] (Cell Culture, Human)
• Guanghui Yi Structural and functional attributes of the Interleukin-36 receptor J Biol Chem, 2016-06-15;0(0):. 2016-06-15 [PMID: 27307043] (Bioassay, Human)
• Saha S, Singh D, Raymond E, Ganesan R, Caviness G, Grimaldi C, Woska J, Mennerich D, Brown S, Mbow M, Kao C Signal Transduction and Intracellular Trafficking by the Interleukin 36 Receptor. J Biol Chem, 2015-08-12;290(39):23997-4006. 2015-08-12 [PMID: 26269592] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL36A
• Uniprot:
  • NP_055255()