Recombinant Human FGF-19 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Binding Activity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human FGF-19 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human FGF R4 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 685‑FR) is immobilized at 5 µg/mL (100 µL/well), the concentration range of Recombinant Human FGF-19 that produces 50% of the optimal binding response is 20-120 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human FGF-19 protein
  Leu25-Lys216
• Accession #: O95750
• N-terminal Sequence: Leu25
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: FGF19
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Binding Activity
• Theoretical MW: 21 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human FGF-19 Protein, CF

• FGF19
• FGF-19
• fibroblast growth factor 19

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19) belongs to the large FGF family which has at least 23 members (1, 2). All FGF family members are heparin-binding growth factors with a core 120 amino acid (aa) FGF domain that allows for a common tertiary structure. FGFs are expressed during embryonic development and in restricted adult tissues. They act on cells of mesodermal and neuroectodermal origin to regulate diverse physiologic functions including angiogenesis, cell growth, pattern formation, embryonic development, metabolic regulation, cell migration, neurotrophic effects and tissue repair (3, 4). Signaling receptors for FGFs are type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases belonging to the Ig superfamily. Four distinct but related classes of FGF receptors, FGF R1, 2, 3, and 4, exist. Through alternative splicing, multiple isoforms for FGF R1, 2 and 3, with distinct ligand recognition profiles, are also generated (4).

Human FGF-19 cDNA predicts a 251 aa precursor protein with a 22 aa signal peptide and a 229 aa secreted mature protein with no potential N-linked glycosylation sites (1, 2). Among FGF family members, human FGF-19 is most closely related to chicken FGF-19 and murine FGF-15, sharing approximately 61% and 51% aa sequence identity, respectively (1, 2, 5). Neither the human orthologue of mouse FGF-15, nor the mouse counterpart of human FGF-19 has been identified. With the exception of adult gall bladder epithelium, FGF-19 expression is restricted to fetal tissues (1, 2). Unlike most FGFs which bind to and activate more than one FGF receptor, FGF-19 is a specific ligand for FGF R4 (2). Similarly, another FGF family member, FGF-7 (KGF), only activates KGF R, the IIIb isoform of FGF R2 (4). During chick embryogenesis, FGF-19 has been shown to act synergistically with Wnt-8c to initiate inner ear development (5).

1. Nishimura, T. et al. (1999) Biocheim. Biophys. Acta 1444:148.
2. Xie, M. et al. (1999) Cytokine 11:729.
3. Goldfarb, M. (1996) Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 7:311.
4. Green, P. et al. (1996) BioEssays 18:639.
5. Ladher, R.K. et al. (2000) Science 290:1965.

Publications for FGF-19 (969-FG/CF)(22)

Publications using 969-FG/CF

• M Krüger, RA Samsom, LA Oosterhoff, ME van Wolfer, HS Kooistra, N Geijsen, LC Penning, LM Kock, P Sainz-Arna, PM Baptista, B Spee High level of polarized engraftment of porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids in decellularized liver scaffolds Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2022-08-26;0(0):. 2022-08-26 [PMID: 36017767] (Organoid Culture, Porcine)
• Y Qiu, J Yu, X Ji, H Yu, M Xue, F Zhang, Y Li, Z Bao Ileal FXR-FGF15/19 signaling activation improves skeletal muscle loss in aged mice Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 2022-01-10;202(0):111630. 2022-01-10 [PMID: 35026209] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• G Sorrentino, S Rezakhani, E Yildiz, S Nuciforo, MH Heim, MP Lutolf, K Schoonjans Mechano-modulatory synthetic niches for liver organoid derivation Nat Commun, 2020-07-10;11(1):3416. 2020-07-10 [PMID: 32651372] (Bioassay, Human)
• HS Kruitwagen, LA Oosterhoff, ME van Wolfer, C Chen, S Nantasanti, K Schneeberg, A Kummeling, G van Strate, IC Akkerdaas, CR Vinke, FG van Steenb, LWL van Brugge, J Wolfswinke, GCM Grinwis, SA Fuchs, H Gehart, N Geijsen, RG Vries, H Clevers, J Rothuizen, BA Schotanus, LC Penning, B Spee Long-Term Survival of Transplanted Autologous Canine Liver Organoids in a COMMD1-Deficient Dog Model of Metabolic Liver Disease Cells, 2020-02-11;9(2):. 2020-02-11 [PMID: 32053895] (Cell Culture, Canine)
• F Huang, X Zheng, X Ma, R Jiang, W Zhou, S Zhou, Y Zhang, S Lei, S Wang, J Kuang, X Han, M Wei, Y You, M Li, Y Li, D Liang, J Liu, T Chen, C Yan, R Wei, C Rajani, C Shen, G Xie, Z Bian, H Li, A Zhao, W Jia Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea attenuates hypercholesterolemia via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism Nat Commun, 2019-10-31;10(1):4971. 2019-10-31 [PMID: 31672964] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• X Wu, H Chien, ME van Wolfer, HS Kruitwagen, LA Oosterhoff, LC Penning Reduced FXR Target Gene Expression in Copper-Laden Livers of COMMD1-Deficient Dogs Vet Sci, 2019-09-30;6(4):. 2019-09-30 [PMID: 31574998] (Cell Culture, Canine)
• R Bartz, K Fukuchi, T Ohtsuka, T Lange, K Gruner, I Watanabe, S Hayashi, Y Oda, R Kawaida, H Komori, Y Kashimoto, P Wirtz, JA Mayer, M Redondo-Mü, S Saito, M Takahashi, H Hanzawa, E Imai, A Martinez, M Hanai, D Häussinger, RW Chapman, T Agatsuma, J Bange, R Abraham Pre-clinical development of U3-1784, a novel FGFR4 antibody against cancer, and avoidance of its on-target toxicity Mol. Cancer Ther., 2019-07-26;0(0):. 2019-07-26 [PMID: 31350344] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• D Garnier, R Li, F Delbos, A Fourrier, C Collet, C Guguen-Gui, C Chesné, TH Nguyen Expansion of human primary hepatocytes in vitro through their amplification as liver progenitors in a 3D organoid system Sci Rep, 2018-05-29;8(1):8222. 2018-05-29 [PMID: 29844473] (Bioassay, Human)
• YC Chen, CL Tsai, YH Wei, YT Wu, WT Hsu, HC Lin, YC Hsu ATOH1/RFX1/RFX3 transcription factors facilitate the differentiation and characterisation of inner ear hair cell-like cells from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring A8344G mutation of mitochondrial DNA Cell Death Dis, 2018-04-01;9(4):437. 2018-04-01 [PMID: 29740017] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Saito, T Nakaoka, T Muramatsu, H Ojima, A Sukeda, Y Sugiyama, R Uchida, R Furukawa, A Kitahara, T Sato, Y Kanai, H Saito Induction of differentiation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells to functional hepatocytes using an organoid culture system Sci Rep, 2018-02-12;8(1):2821. 2018-02-12 [PMID: 29434290] (Bioassay, Human)
• JJ Kim, T Jiwani, S Erwood, J Loree, ND Rosenblum Suppressor of Fused Controls Cerebellar Neuronal Differentiation in a Manner Modulated by GLI3 Repressor and Fgf15 Dev. Dyn., 2017-06-15;0(0):. 2017-06-15 [PMID: 28560839] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• AB Hanker, JG Garrett, MV Estrada, PD Moore, PG Ericsson, JP Koch, E Langley, S Singh, PS Kim, GM Frampton, EM Sanford, P Owns, J Becker, MR Groseclose, S Castellino, H Joensuu, J Huober, JC Brase, M Samira, S Brohée, D Venet, D Brown, J Baselga, M Piccart, C Sotiriou, CL Arteaga HER2-overexpressing breast cancers amplify FGFR signaling upon acquisition of resistance to dual therapeutic blockade of HER2 Clin. Cancer Res., 2017-04-05;0(0):. 2017-04-05 [PMID: 28381415] (Bioassay, Human)
• V Massafra, A Milona, HR Vos, BM Burgering, SW van Mil Quantitative liver proteomics identifies FGF19 targets that couple metabolism and proliferation PLoS ONE, 2017-02-08;12(2):e0171185. 2017-02-08 [PMID: 28178326] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Ronaghi , Mohammad, Nasr , Marjan, Ealy , Megan, Durruthy-Durruthy , Robert, Waldhaus , Joerg, Diaz , Giovanni, Joubert , Lydia-Ma, Oshima , Kazuo, Heller , Stefan Inner ear hair cell-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev, 2014-03-10;23(11):1275-84. 2014-03-10 [PMID: 24512547] (Bioassay, Human)
• Feng S, Dakhova O, Creighton C, Ittmann M Endocrine fibroblast growth factor FGF19 promotes prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res, 2013-02-25;73(8):2551-62. 2013-02-25 [PMID: 23440425] (Bioassay, Human)
• Cyphert HA, Ge X, Kohan AB, Salati LM, Zhang Y, Hillgartner FB Activation of the farnesoid x receptor induces hepatic expression and secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21. J. Biol. Chem., 2012-06-01;287(30):25123-38. 2012-06-01 [PMID: 22661717] (Bioassay, Rat)
• Di Maggio N, Mehrkens A, Papadimitropoulos A, Schaeren S, Heberer M, Banfi A, Martin I Fibroblast growth factor-2 maintains a niche-dependent population of self-renewing highly potent non-adherent mesenchymal progenitors through FGFR2c. Stem Cells, 2012-07-01;30(7):1455-64. 2012-07-01 [PMID: 22495904] (Bioassay, Human)
• Tomlinson DC, Knowles MA Altered splicing of FGFR1 is associated with high tumor grade and stage and leads to increased sensitivity to FGF1 in bladder cancer. Am. J. Pathol., 2010-10-01;177(5):2379-86. 2010-10-01 [PMID: 20889570] (Bioassay, Human)
• Schreuder TC, Marsman HA, Lenicek M The hepatic response to FGF19 is impaired in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 2010-01-21;298(3):G440-5. 2010-01-21 [PMID: 20093562] (ELISA (Standard))
• Shin DJ, Osborne TF FGF15/FGFR4 integrates growth factor signaling with hepatic bile acid metabolism and insulin action. J. Biol. Chem., 2009-02-23;284(17):11110-20. 2009-02-23 [PMID: 19237543] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Schaap FG, van der Gaag NA, Gouma DJ High expression of the bile salt-homeostatic hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 in the liver of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. Hepatology, 2009-04-01;49(4):1228-35. 2009-04-01 [PMID: 19185005] (ELISA (Standard))
• Nakayama T, Mutsuga N, Tosato G FGF2 posttranscriptionally down-regulates expression of SDF1 in bone marrow stromal cells through FGFR1 IIIc. Blood, 2006-10-31;109(4):1363-72. 2006-10-31 [PMID: 17077327] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: FGF19
• Uniprot:
  • O95750()