Human Vitronectin Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Human Vitronectin Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells or B16‑F1 mouse melanoma cells. When 5 x 10⁴ cells/well are added to Vitronectin coated plates (5 µg/mL with 100 µL/well), approximately >55% will adhere after 30 minutes at 37 °C.
  Optimal concentration depends on cell type as well as the application or research objectives.
• Source: Human plasma-derived Vitronectin protein
  The human plasma used for the isolation of this product were certified by the supplier to be HIV-1 and HBsAg negative at the time of shipment. Human blood products should always be treated in accordance with universal handling precautions.
• N-terminal Sequence: DQESCKGRCT
• Protein/Peptide Type: Natural Proteins
• Gene: VTN
• Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• SDS-PAGE: 55-85 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and Urea.
• Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Human Vitronectin Protein, CF

• Complement S-protein
• epibolin
• Serum Spreading Factor
• Serum-spreading factor
• Somatomedin B
• S-protein
• V75
• vitronectin (serum spreading factor, somatomedin B, complement S-protein)
• Vitronectin
• VN
• VNT
• VTN

Background

Vitronectin is a large glycoprotein found in blood and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The gene for Vitronectin encodes a 19 amino acid (aa) signal peptide and a 459 aa protein. The amino terminal 130 aa’s of Vitronectin contains multiple binding sites for a variety of structures. Included is a site for binding to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase receptor, an (RGD) sequence that binds alpha _v beta ₃, alpha _v beta ₅, alpha _v beta ₁, alpha IIb beta ₃, alpha _v beta ₆, and alpha _v beta ₈ integrins, a stretch of acidic amino acids that includes two sulfated tyrosine residues that bind thrombin‑anti-thrombin III complexes, and a collagen binding site. The major part of the Vitronectin molecule (aa 132‑459) contains six hemopexin repeats.* The carboxyl‑terminal end of Vitronectin has multiple sites and fucntions. It contains a stretch of basic amino acids that binds the acidic amino acids of the amino‑terminal region, thereby stabilizing Vitronectin’s three dimensional structure. The carboxyl‑terminal end also contains a plaminogen binding site, a heparin binding site that binds complement factor C7, C8 or C9, a glycosaminoglycan binding site, and a second PAI-1 binding site (aa 348‑370). Vitronectin also contains an endogenous cleavage site, plus cleavage sites for elastase, thrombin and plasmin. Vitronectin has also been shown to bind IGF-2 and TGF-beta . The apparent molecular weight of human Vitronectin is 75 kDa, with ~30% of its molecular mass being attributed to glycosylation at 3 different sites. In blood and plasma, Vitronectin is found predominantly as a single chain monomer. It can also be found as a dimer after endogenous cleavage. The dimer is composed of a 65 kDa and 10 kDa component held together by a disulfide bond. Binding of thrombin‑anti-thrombin II complex or complement leads to an unfolding of Vitronectin. Unfolding of Vitronectin generates disulfide-linked multimers that are found in platelet secretions and extracellular matrix. Vitronectin is produced at high levels by the liver and many tumors. As might be expected by its structure, Vitronectin is involved in a number of biological activities including cell adhesion, cell spreading and migration, cell proliferation, extracellular anchoring, fibrinolysis, hemostasis, and complement mediated immune defense.

*Hemopexin domains are associated with enzyme and protein binding.

1. Schvartz, I., Seger, D., and S. Shaltiel (1999) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 31:539.
2. http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi.

Publications for Vitronectin (2349-VN)(8)

Publications using 2349-VN

• YS Song, N Jamali, CM Sorenson, N Sheibani Vitamin D Receptor Expression Limits the Angiogenic and Inflammatory Properties of Retinal Endothelial Cells Cells, 2023-01-16;12(2):. 2023-01-16 [PMID: 36672270] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• JC Price, E Azizi, LA Naiche, JG Parvani, P Shukla, S Kim, JK Slack-Davi, D Pe'er, JK Kitajewski Notch3 signaling promotes tumor cell adhesion and progression in a murine epithelial ovarian cancer model PLoS ONE, 2020-06-11;15(6):e0233962. 2020-06-11 [PMID: 32525899] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• D Karpova, MP Rettig, J Ritchey, D Cancilla, S Christ, L Gehrs, E Chendamara, MO Evbuomwan, M Holt, J Zhang, G Abou-Ezzi, H Celik, E Wiercinska, W Yang, F Gao, LG Eissenberg, RF Heier, SD Arnett, MJ Meyers, MJ Prinsen, DW Griggs, A Trumpp, PG Ruminski, DM Morrow, HB Bonig, DC Link, JF DiPersio Targeting VLA4 integrin and CXCR2 mobilizes serially repopulating hematopoietic stem cells J. Clin. Invest., 2019-05-14;129(7):2745-2759. 2019-05-14 [PMID: 31085833] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Yamamoto, S Miyazaki, K Maruyama, R Kobayashi, MNT Le, A Kano, A Kondow, S Fujii, K Ohnuma Random migration of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human gastrulation-stage mesendoderm PLoS ONE, 2018-09-10;13(9):e0201960. 2018-09-10 [PMID: 30199537] (Bioassay, Human)
• Hanson A, Gambill J, Phomakay V, Staten C, Kelley M 9-cis-retinoic Acid and troglitazone impacts cellular adhesion, proliferation, and integrin expression in K562 cells. PLoS ONE, 2014-03-26;9(3):e93005. 2014-03-26 [PMID: 24671180] (Bioassay, Human)
• Lou , Yan-Ru, Kanninen , Liisa, Kuisma , Tytti, Niklander , Johanna, Noon , Luke A, Burks , Deborah, Urtti , Arto, Yliperttula , Marjo The use of nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel as a flexible three-dimensional model to culture human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev, 2013-12-09;23(4):380-92. 2013-12-09 [PMID: 24188453] (Bioassay, Human)
• Beta3 integrin modulates transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) function and paclitaxel response in ovarian cancer cells. Mol. Cancer, 2012-05-28;11(0):36. 2012-05-28 [PMID: 22640878] (Bioassay, Human)
• Franco M, Roswall P, Cortez E, Hanahan D, Pietras K Pericytes promote endothelial cell survival through induction of autocrine VEGF-A signaling and Bcl-w expression. Blood, 2011-07-21;118(10):2906-17. 2011-07-21 [PMID: 21778339] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: VTN