HLA-DR Antibody (L243) [DyLight 405]

Flow Cytometry: HLA-DR Antibody (L243) [DyLight 405] [NB100-77855V] - analysis of HLA-DR in human PBMCs using anti-HLA-DR antibody. Image from verified customer review.

• Reactivity: Hu, Ca, Pm, Pm
• Applications: WB, ELISA, Flow, Func, ICC/IF, IHC, IP, MS, B/N, CyTOF-ready, Dual ISH-IHC
• Clone: L243
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: DyLight 405

HLA-DR Antibody (L243) [DyLight 405] Summary

• Description: This conjugate is made on demand and is not held in inventory. Each order represents a unique lot. All conjugates are generated using validated conjugation protocols and meet strict degree of labeling (F/P) specifications; additional information is available upon request. The antibody concentration is provided on the individual product label.
  
  For specialized conjugation needs, like large quantities, specific concentrations, and defined F/P ratios, bulk and custom antibody conjugation services are available.
• Immunogen: Human lymphoblastoid cell line (RPMI 8866).
• Isotype: IgG2a Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: HLA-DRA
• Purity: Protein A purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Block/Neutralize
  • CyTOF-ready
  • Dual RNAscope ISH-IHC
  • Electron Microscopy
  • ELISA
  • Flow (Cell Surface)
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Functional
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • In vitro assay
  • Western Blot
• Application Notes: Recommended applications are based on validated applications from the unconjugated base product NB100-77855. This conjugated antibody is not kept in inventory and is made to order using validated conjugation protocols.

Reactivity Notes

Predicted cross-reactivity with Chimpanzee, Baboon, Cynomolgus, Rhesus, Marmoset, Tamarin, Squirrel Monkey

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C in the dark.
• Buffer: 50mM Sodium Borate
• Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
• Purity: Protein A purified

Notes

DyLight (R) is a trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Alternate Names for HLA-DR Antibody (L243) [DyLight 405]

• FLJ51114
• histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR alpha
• HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain
• HLADR
• HLA-DR
• HLA-DRA
• HLA-DRA1
• major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha
• MHC cell surface glycoprotein
• MHC class II antigen DRA
• MHC Class II DR
• MLRW

Background

Human Leukocyte Antigen -DR isotype (HLA-DR) is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule expressed by antigen presenting cells (APCs) that plays a significant role in immune response (1). Class II molecules also include isoforms HLA-DP and -DQ (1,2). These type I membrane glycoproteins on APCs present peptides to helper T cells and T cell receptors on CD4+ cells (1). In humans, the genes encoding class II MHC proteins are located on chromosome 6p21, where HLA-DR is typically the most highly expressed, followed by HLA-DQ and then HLA-DP (3). Structurally, HLA-DR molecules are heterodimers consisting of an alpha chain subunit with an approximate theoretical molecular weight of 34 kDa and one of many approximately 30 kDa beta subunits (1-3). The alpha and beta genes are considered highly polymorphic with duplication resulting in nine DRB (beta subunit of HLA-DR) genes (DRB1-DRB9); though only DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are considered functional (2,3). On the other hand, the alpha subunit is encoded by a single DRA gene (2,3). Studies focusing on the structural and biochemical properties of peptides that bind to HLA-DR molecules have helped contribute to subunit vaccine design and development (3).

Given the role in adaptive immunity, HLA-DR allele polymorphisms, gene misexpression, and dysfunction has been implicated in many diseases ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer (2). HLA-DR is also a classical biomarker for disease, including sepsis where reduced expression of HLA-DR molecules on monocytes, as measured by flow cytometry, indicates diagnosis and prognosis (4,5). Immunosuppression observed with sepsis results in decreased surface expression of HLA-DR and concurrent increase in expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) (4). This altered expression results in poor T cell response and apoptosis, along with reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release (4). Furthermore, the decrease in HLA-DR expression is also correlated with the decrease in CD14lowCD16+ inflammatory monocytes (5). Interestingly, COVID-19 patients also exhibit a reduction in HLA-DR that correlates with disease severity and immunosuppression (5).

References

1. Andersson G. (1998). Evolution of the human HLA-DR region. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library. https://doi.org/10.2741/a317

2. Shiina, T., Hosomichi, K., Inoko, H., & Kulski, J. K. (2009). The HLA genomic loci map: expression, interaction, diversity and disease. Journal of human genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2008.5

3. Stern, L. J., & Calvo-Calle, J. M. (2009). HLA-DR: molecular insights and vaccine design. Current pharmaceutical design. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161209789105171

4. Zhuang, Y., Peng, H., Chen, Y., Zhou, S., & Chen, Y. (2017). Dynamic monitoring of monocyte HLA-DR expression for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of sepsis. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition). https://doi.org/10.2741/4547

5. Benlyamani, I., Venet, F., Coudereau, R., Gossez, M., & Monneret, G. (2020). Monocyte HLA-DR Measurement by Flow Cytometry in COVID-19 Patients: An Interim Review. Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology. https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24249

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Review for HLA-DR Antibody (NB100-77855V) (1)

Average Rating: 5

(Based on 1 review)

We have 1 review tested in 1 species: Human.

reviewed by: Verified Customer Flow Human 06/30/2015

Summary

• Application: Flow Cytometry
• Sample Tested: PBMCs
• Species: Human

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: HLA-DRA