Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1694) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF019). A specific band was detected for Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 at approximately 50 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 was detected in immersion fixed HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line using Goat Anti-Human Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1694) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips.

Follistatin‑like 1/FSTL1 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human placenta using Goat Anti-Human Follistatin‑like 1/FSTL1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1694) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Goat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (VC004). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to endothelial cells in chorionic villi. Staining was performed using our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, IHC, ICC/IF
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1
  Met1-Ile308
  Accession # Q12841
• Specificity: Detects human Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, approximately 15% cross‑reactivity with recombinant mouse FSTL1 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: FSTL1
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Immunohistochemistry 3-15 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• Flik
• FLJ50214
• Follistatin-like 1
• Follistatin-like protein 1
• follistatin-related protein 1
• Follistatin-related Protein
• FRP
• FRPFLJ52277
• FSL1
• FSTL1
• TSC-36

Background

Follistatin-like 1 (FSL1 or FSTL1), also known as FRP (follistatin-related protein), Flik (follistatin-like), and TSC-36 (TGF-beta 1-stimulated clone 36), is a secreted 45‑55 kDa extracellular glycoprotein belonging to the BM-40/SPARC/Osteonectin family (1-3). The human FSTL1 cDNA encodes 308 amino acids (aa), including a 20 aa signal sequence, a cysteine-rich Follistatin (EGF- and kazal-like) domain, two apparently non-functional EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, and a von Willebrand Factor C homology domain (1, 3). Mature human FSTL1 shares 94%, 95%, 98%, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat, bovine, and equine FSTL1, respectively. FSTL1 was first identified as a TGF-beta-induced protein from a mouse osteoblast cell line (4). It is ubiquitously expressed in early mouse development, but is mainly mesenchymal later in development (5). In humans, FSTL1 is a common rheumatoid arthritis auto-antigen (2). It is reported to be either pro-inflammatory due to promoting inflammatory cytokine secretion, or to prevent autoimmune arthritis by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and prostaglandin expression (6-9). In muscle and heart, it appears to be protective and promotes endothelial cell functions such as revascularization after ischemia, probably due to promoting expression and activation of the protein kinase AKT1 (10, 11). Cardiac and circulating FSTL1 is generally increased in conditions such as heart failure and acute coronary syndrome (11, 12). FSTL1 also appears to be a tumor suppressor, showing down-regulated expression in many human cancers (4, 14, 15). In vitro, it slows proliferation and MMP-dependent migration, and increases FAS-dependent apoptosis of tumor cell lines (14).

1. Zwijsen, A. et al. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 225:937.
2. Tanaka, M. et al. (1998) Int. Immunol. 10:1305.
3. Hambrook, H.O. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:11727.
4. Shibanuma, M. et al. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 217:13.
5. Adams, D. et al. (2007) Gene Expr. Patterns 7:491.
6. Clutter, S.D. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:234.
7. Miyamae, T. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 177:4758.
8. Kawabata, D. et al. (2004) Arthritis Rheum. 50:660.
9. Tanaka, M. et al. (2003) Int. Immunol. 15:71.
10. Ouchi, N. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:32802.
11. Oshima, Y. et al. (2008) Circulation 117:3099.
12. Lara-Pezzi, E. et al. (2008) Endocrinology 149:5822.
13. Widera, C. et al. (2009) Clin. Chem. 55:1794.
14. Chan, Q.K. et al. (2009) Carcinogenesis 30:114.
15. Mashimo, J. et al. (1997) Cancer Lett. 113:213.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Follistatin-like 1/FSTL1 Antibody (AF1694)(12)

Publications using AF1694

• M Sisto, D Ribatti, G Ingravallo, S Lisi The Expression of Follistatin-like 1 Protein Is Associated with the Activation of the EMT Program in Sj�gren's Syndrome Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2022-09-13;11(18):. 2022-09-13 [PMID: 36143013] (IHC, Human)
• Y Zhang, Y Wang, G Zheng, Y Liu, J Li, H Huang, C Xu, Y Zeng, X Zhang, J Qin, C Dai, HO Hambrock, U Hartmann, B Feng, KK Mak, Y Liu, HY Lan, Y Huang, ZH Zheng, Y Xia Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) interacts with Wnt ligands and Frizzled receptors to enhance Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in obstructed kidneys in vivo The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2022-05-04;0(0):102010. 2022-05-04 [PMID: 35525270] (Immunohistochemistry, Mouse)
• M Wu, Y Ding, N Wu, J Jiang, Y Huang, F Zhang, H Wang, Q Zhou, Y Yang, W Zhuo, L Teng FSTL1 promotes growth and metastasis in gastric cancer by activating AKT related pathway and predicts poor survival American journal of cancer research, 2021-03-01;11(3):712-728. 2021-03-01 [PMID: 33791149] (ICC, Western Blot, Human)
• Ying Zhang, Xiaozhou Xu, Ying Yang, Jie Ma, Lulu Wang, Xiangzhi Meng et al. Deficiency of Follistatin-Like Protein 1 Accelerates the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells at Lung Metastatic Sites Journal of Breast Cancer 2018-09-20 [PMID: 30275855] (Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Human)
• J An, L Wang, Y Zhao, Q Hao, Y Zhang, J Zhang, C Yang, L Liu, W Wang, D Fang, T Lu, Y Gao Effects of FSTL1 on cell proliferation in breast cancer cell line MDA?MB?231 and its brain metastatic variant MDA?MB?231?BR Oncol. Rep., 2017-09-26;38(5):3001-3010. 9/26/2017 [PMID: 29048681]
• Y Fang, S Zhang, X Li, F Jiang, Q Ye, W Ning Follistatin like-1 aggravates silica-induced mouse lung injury Sci Rep, 2017-03-24;7(1):399. 2017-03-24 [PMID: 28341862] (ELISA Development (Capture), IHC, Human)
• Chaly Y, Fu Y, Marinov A, Hostager B, Yan W, Campfield B, Kellum J, Bushnell D, Wang Y, Vockley J, Hirsch R Follistatin-like protein 1 enhances NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1beta secretion from monocytes and macrophages. Eur J Immunol, 2014-02-20;44(5):1467-79. 2014-02-20 [PMID: 24470197] (Western Blot, Human)
• Mark Gorelik, Ndate Fall, Mekibib Altaye, Michael G. Barnes, Susan D. Thompson, Alexei A. Grom et al. Follistatin-like Protein 1 and the Ferritin/Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Ratio Are Potential Biomarkers for Dysregulated Gene Expression and Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis The Journal of Rheumatology 2013-07-01 [PMID: 23678162]
• Mark Gorelik, David C. Wilson, Yona K. Cloonan, Stanford T. Shulman, Raphael Hirsch Plasma Follistatin-Like Protein 1 is Elevated in Kawasaki Disease and May Predict Coronary Artery Aneurysm Formation The Journal of Pediatrics 2012-07-01 [PMID: 22316625] (ELISA Capture, Human)
• Yury Chaly, Anthony D. Marinov, Leif Oxburgh, Daniel S. Bushnell, Raphael Hirsch Follistatin-like Protein 1 Promotes Arthritis by Enhancing Inflammatory Cytokine/Chemokine Expression Arthritis & Rheumatism 2012-04-01 [PMID: 22006268]
• David C. Wilson, Anthony D. Marinov, Harry C. Blair, Daniel S. Bushnell, Susan D. Thompson, Yury Chaly et al. Follistatin-like protein 1 is a mesenchyme-derived inflammatory protein and may represent a biomarker for systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis & Rheumatism 2010-05-28 [PMID: 20506332]
• Chan QK, Ngan HY, Ip PP, Liu VW, Xue WC, Cheung AN Tumor suppressor effect of follistatin-like 1 in ovarian and endometrial carcinogenesis: a differential expression and functional analysis. Carcinogenesis, 2008-09-16;30(1):114-21. 2008-09-16 [PMID: 18796737] (Western Blot, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: FSTL1
• Uniprot:
  • Q12841()