Antibody News

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) variously abbreviated as BrdU, BudR, and BrdUrd, is a synthetic thymidine analog that gets incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells during the S-phase of the cell cycle and has a long history of heavy use in molecular and cytokinetic studies (1). Due to its ability to substitute itself to T base, BrdU has 2 major applications: visualization of genomic DNA degradation during cell death (apoptosis) and monitoring of the level of proliferation and cell division. Here, we will focus on the second application based on the usage of an anti-BrdU antibody.

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HA95 is a nuclear protein with high homology to the nuclear A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP95, involved in the regulation of nuclear envelope-chromatin interactions. Antibody immunostaining data indicate that HA95 is tightly associated with chromatin and the nuclear matrix/lamina network in interphase, and bound to chromatin at mitosis. Intra-nuclear blocking with anti-HA95 antibodies abolishes nuclear breakdown in a mitotic HeLa cell extracts by inhibiting nuclear membrane breakdown and chromatin condensation (1).

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Synaptonemal Complex Protein 1 (SCP1) is a novel tumor antigen that belongs to the growing family of cancer/testis antigens (CTA). SCP-1 is known to be selectively expressed during the meiotic prophase of spermatocytes and is involved in the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. Investigation of a broad spectrum of normal and malignant tissues revealed that expression of SCP-1 transcripts and antigen selectively in a variety of neoplastic tissues and tumor cell lines.

ICC/IC analysis of SCP1 in mouse pachytene preparation.

Immunofluorescence with specific antiserum demonstrated a...

The luciferase reporter is a valuable tool for research into physiology and disease. Light emitted from luciferase enables the monitoring of xenografted tumors, specific cell types, gene expression and pathogens within live animals over time using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) technology. Further detail can be revealed through the use of luciferase antibodies.

Luciferases are a class of enzymes (produced by a variety of organisms) that generate light by acting on substrates (called luciferins). This is a form of chemiluminescence, where the source of the energy emitted as a photon is a chemical reaction, as opposed to absorption of light as in fluorescence.

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Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein (RPE65) is an essential vision protein, and so mutations in the RPE65 gene cause blindness. However, clinical trials using gene therapy to treat patients with a defective RPE65 gene suggest that some vision may be restored.

Our eyes detect light via pigments in rod and cone photoreceptor cells. These pigments consist of an opsin protein (a 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor) with a bound 11-cis retinal chromophore. The 11-cis retinal is the photosensitive component, undergoing photoisomerization to all-trans-retinal. This induces a conformational change in the opsin, activating it and initiating a signal transduction cascade. The 11-cis form of the retinal must be...

Acromegaly is a rare life-shortening disease caused by elevated levels of growth hormone (GH) secreted by a tumor on the pituitary gland. Treatments include somatostatin analogs, which activate somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), reducing GH secretion and tumor size.

Acromegaly progresses slowly, commonly going years before diagnosis. The first signs of acromegaly are often the changes to the sufferer’s physical appearance. The hands and feet enlarge, leading to increased ring and shoe sizes. The face gradually becomes disfigured – characteristic features of acromegaly patients are a protruding jaw and brow, enlarged tongue and nose, thickened lips, and spacing between teeth. Other possible symptoms include a deepening of the voice, increased perspiration, carpal tunnel syndrome, and sleep apnea. Acromegaly can lead to...

Caspase 7 (also known as CASP7, Mch3, ICE-LAP3, CMH-1) is a member of caspase family of cysteine proteases. It is an apoptosis-related cystein peptidase encoded by the CASP7 gene in humans. CASP7 homologous sequences have been identified in nearly all mammals. Similar to Caspase 3, Caspase-7 is an effector caspase and plays a key role in apoptotic execution. Once activated, Caspase-7 cleaves and activates downstream substrates, such as poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and causes cellular morphological and biomedical changes associated with apoptosis. During apoptosis, Caspase-7 is activated by initiator caspases (Caspase 8, Caspase 9 and Caspase 10) through...

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a protein encoded by the TLR7 gene in humans and is a member of TLR family. TLRs controls host immune response against pathogens (e.g. viruses, bacteria and fungi) through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) which are specific to the microorganisms. These pathogen-associated molecular markers are class-specific and mutation-resistant and may be composed of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and/or combinations. Recognition of PAMPs by TLRs leads to a series of signaling events resulting in the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity.

The natural ligands of TLR7 were recently identified as single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), such as ssRNA from influenza viruses (2). The interaction between viral ssRNA and TLR7 occurs in an endosomal compartment in the cell...

Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43), also termed B-50, F1 or P-57, is a neuron-specific cytoplasmic protein encoded by the GAP-43 gene in humans. The expression of GAP 43 is associated with neural development and synaptic plasticity. A high level of GAP43 expression is observed in neuronal growth cones during development, at axonal regeneration after injury and is phosphorylated after long-term potentiation (1).

GAP43 protein is considered a crucial component of the axon and presynaptic terminal. GAP-43 knockout mice have been generated for the study of GAP-43 functions. Homozygous knockout...

Actin is a ubiquitous and an essential component of the cytoskeleton, with critical roles in a wide range of cellular processes. It is abundant protein whose monomers polymerize into polarized actin filaments, within epithelial cells. Filamentous actin is concentrated at the plasma membrane where a wide variety of actin-associated proteins harness the potential and structure of actin filaments to moderate functions at the plasma membrane (1).

IHC analysis of Actin in human tonsil tissue

These functions include structural support of the plasma membrane, cell polarity, membrane protein...

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A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs), such as AKAP95/AKAP8, are scaffold proteins that contain a binding domain for the RI/RII subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). AKAPs orchestrate and synchronize cellular events by tethering the cAMP-dependent PKA and other signaling enzymes to organelles and membranes. This gene encodes a nuclear A-kinase anchor protein that binds to the RII alpha subunit of PKA and may play a role in chromosome condensation during mitosis (1).

In a recent study the subcellular localization of human...