Antibody suppliers

Ku70 is a 70 kDa protein that was shown to be involved in multiple cellular pathways, mainly involving DNA repair and recombination. Among these are the non-homologus end repairs of DNA double strand breaks. Ku70 was first identified as an autoantigen in the serum of patients with Scleroderma Ploymyosistosis Syndrome (1).

BrdU (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine) is a thymidine analogue which is incorporated into the cells of DNA synthetic phase. Replicating cells undergo DNA synthesis in a highly regulated, S-phase of the cell cycle. The regulation of cell proliferation is central to tissue morphogenesis during the development of multicellular organisms. Furthermore, loss of control of cell proliferation underlies the pathology of diseases like cancer.

Increasing evidence shows that a variety of cancers arise from the transformation of normal stem cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are thought to sustain cancer progression, invasion, metastasis.

A growing body of data and studies using actin antibodies supports a view of the actin cytoskeleton of smooth muscle cells as a dynamic structure that plays an integral role in regulating the development of mechanical tension and the material properties of smooth muscle tissues.

Ghrelin is the only potent orexigenic peptide in circulation. It stimulates food intake and leads to metabolism regulation, positive energy balance, adipogenesis, and body weight gain. However, in studies using ghrelin antibodies, the physiological significance of ghrelin in the regulation of energy homeostasis is controversial, since loss of ghrelin function in rodents does not necessarily lead to anorexia and weight loss (1).

Disulfide bond formation is a pivotal step in the maturation and release of secretory proteins that are controlled by specific endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident enzymes. An important element in this process is ERO (ER oxidoreduction), a glycosylated flavoenzyme tightly associated with oxidative protein folding that lacks the known ER retention motifs.

Epigenetic alterations have come to prominence in biomedical research. In particular, hypermethylation of CpG islands located in the promoter regions of tumor-suppressor genes is now firmly established as an important mechanism for gene inactivation in cancer.

Discovery of histone variants using highly specific antibodies has led to the emerging notion that alterations in histone modifications and further changes in chromatin structure are induced by exchange of histone variants. Covalent histone modifications and the incorporation of histone variants bring about changes in chromatin structure that in turn alter the gene expression.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main intermediate filament protein in mature astrocytes, but also an important component of the cytoskeleton in astrocytes during development. Recent developments using GFAP antibodies in astrocyte biology, and the discovery of novel intermediate filament functions, have enticed interest in the function of GFAP.

The transcription factor beta protein 1 (BP1) is a member of the homeobox gene family and the distal-less subfamily. Expression of BP1 is highly tissue-specific and developmentally restricted. Among different human tissues, BP1 is found to be highly expressed in placenta, kidney and at lower levels in fetal liver (1). Such restricted pattern of expression is compatible with a specific gene function in development and/or differentiation.