Antibody suppliers

 Synaptophysin (a presynaptic vesicle protein) is an integral membrane glycoprotein originally isolated from presynaptic vesicles of bovine neurons. Synaptophysin is found in all nerve terminals and synaptophysin measurements have been used to quantify the number of terminals present during neuroanatomical remodeling and neural development (1).

Phosphoserine is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid which results from posttranslational modifications. Phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification necessary for normal cellular signaling.

Myosin is a super family of actin based molecular motors that hydrolyze ATP and generate physical force to move specific molecules inside the cell. This super family, divided into at least twenty four classes based on head domain sequence similarity and domain organization^. The processivity of myosins along an actin filament and transport of intracellular ‘cargo’ are achieved by generating physical force from chemical energy of ATP followed by appropriate conformational changes (1).

Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) encodes a cytosolic adapter protein that plays an essential role in innate and adaptive immune responses.

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP1) is a potent monocyte attractant, is a member of the CC chemokine subfamily. MCP1 exerts its effects through binding to G-protein-coupled receptors on the surface of leukocytes targeted for activation and migration. The role of MCP1 and its receptor, chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2), in monocyte recruitment during infection or under other inflammatory conditions is well known. Recent studies indicate that MCP-1 may play an important role in pulmonary inflammation.

The polycomb group (PcG) protein, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a methyl-transferase that plays a key role in transcriptional gene repression. EZH2 is frequently overexpressed in several malignant tumors, and is often associated with advanced disease stage in many solid tumors.

E-cadherin is a calcium-regulated adhesion molecule expressed in most normal epithelial tissues. E-cadherin is also associated with gland formation, stratification, and epithelial polarization, while loss of E-cadherin can cause dedifferentiation and invasiveness in several human carcinomas (1). In a recent study, human breast cancer tissues were stained immunohistochemistry (IHC) by anti- E-Cadherin antibodies.

Phosphotyrosine is the phosphorylated version of the amino acid tyrosine, which results from the activation of intracellular protein kinases (e.g. via growth factors) during normal growth and development, well as in transformation and oncogenesis. Phosphorylation of histidine, serine, threonine and tyrosine residues acts as a signaling system to control many cellular signaling pathways.

Perforin, also known as the pore-forming protein, pfp, is a 70 kD cytolytic protein expressed in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells.

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), also known as the polymerase delta auxiliary protein, is a nuclear protein essential for DNA replication as well as DNA excision and mismatch repair pathways. It has a large role in cell cycle regulation and response of cells to stress.