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ZMPSTE24 (FACE-1, CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog) is a membrane associated zinc metalloprotease of the peptidase M48A family. It's catalytic activity can be defined as the peptide bond hydrolyzed in the sequence -C-|-A-A-X in which C is an S-isoprenylated cysteine residue, A is usually aliphatic and X is the C-terminal residue of the substrate protein, and may be any of several amino acids. It has been shown to specifically cleave the final 3 carboxy terminal residues from farnesylated prelamin A to form mature lamin A.

The DMC1 gene encodes a 36.7 kDa nuclear protein involved in meiotic homologous recombination. This recombinase is functionally related to the yeast RAD51 and E. coli RecA genes. In contrast to RAD51, which functions in both mitotic and meiotic recombination, DMC1 works specifically in meiotic recombination. Despite this difference, the RAD51 and DMC1 recombinase are structurally similar but not identical in nature.

By Eric Neeley

Histone modification is known to affect transcriptional access to chromatin. Therefore, high quality histone modification specific antibodies are necessary to understand and explain the specific roles that these epigenetic modifications play in transcription regulation. Unfortunately, many of the commercially available histone modification antibodies are designed against short immunizing peptides and lack specificity to the full-length modified histone.

DNA methyltransferases catalyze the transfer of the methyl group from S-andenosyl methionine (SAM) to DNA. Such methylation has wide ranging function in the cell, including organismal development and cell differentiation. In cancer, abnormal hypermethylation of gene promoter CpG islands can result in transcriptional silencing.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, co-activator 1 (PGC-1 alpha or PPARGC1A) gene encodes a 91 kDa nuclear protein that acts as a transcriptional co-activator involved in energy metabolism.

Glutathione, called GSH in its reduced form and GSSG or L(-)-Glutathione in its oxidized form, is an endogenous antioxidant found in most cells in the body.

BRCA1, also known as breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein and RING finger protein 53, belongs to a class of genes known as tumor suppressors. BRCA1 regulates cell growth and division, and is also involved in DNA repair.

Scavenger Receptor Class B Membrane 1, also known as SR-BI plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Its main function is to mediate transfer of cholesterol between the cell surface and high density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL acts as an extracellular donor and acceptor of free and esterified Cholesterol. SR-BI also acts as a receptor for other ligands including lipoproteins, apoptotic cells and phospholipids.

Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA-IX) is an enzyme that is induced under hypoxic conditions. This enzyme is rarely present in normal cells and is responsible for controlling tumor pH. CA-IX is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the zinc metalloenzyme family. This family displays 15 isoforms in human tissues. Carbonic Anhydrase IX functions to convert carbonic acid present in hypoxic cells into a biocarbonate and a proton.