| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-2220SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB600-1384SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | BC100-494SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-1992SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB300-270SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NBP2-46892SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-80829 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB110-81601SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB110-41404SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-493SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NBP2-59800SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-80830 | |||
![Detection of LC3B in mouse ES cell lysates using Rabbit anti- [Catalog # NB100-2220]. LC3 detected at a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa. Atg5-/- ES cells from Dr. Noboru Mizushima [Mizushima, N. et al. J. Cell Biol. 152 (2001)] Photo courtesy of Dr. Beth Levine, UT SW Medical Center.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-2220-img0047.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Detection of LC3I and LC3II in mouse cochlea cell line SV-K1 using Rabbit anti- [Catalog # NB100-2220]. Cells were treated with CQ (1 uM), and As2O3 (1 uM) for 24 hrs. Image from verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-2220-img0056.jpg)
![Staining of rat brain tissue section. Analysis using Rabbit anti-LC3B Antibody [Catalog # NB100-2220]. Image from verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-2220-img0037.jpg)
![FFPE (Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded) tissue section of mouse brain using 1:200 dilution of Rabbit anti-LC3B antibody [Catalog # NB100-2220]. The specific signal of LC3 was detected using HRP-conjugated secondary antibody with DAB (3, 3 -diaminobenzidine) reagent, and nuclei of cells were counterstained using hematoxylin. This LC3B antibody generated a low to moderate levels of cytoplasmic staining in the glial cells. The neurons depicted a moderate to strong staining for LC3 in their cytoplasm.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-2220-img0048.jpg)
![Analysis using the Biotin conjugate of Rabbit anti-LC3B Antibody [Catalog # NB100-2220]. Staining of brain, cerebral cortex, neurons with cell processes.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-2220-img0053.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - P53 mediates topotecan-induced autophagy through the activation of sestrin 2 & AMPK in colon cancer cells with wild-type p53.A. HCT116 & LS-174T cells were treated with various concentrations of TPT for 24 h. The levels of P53, sestrin2 & p-AMPK were analysed by immunoblotting. B. HCT116 cells were transfected with p53 or sestrin 2 siRNAs for 24 h, treated with or without 1 µg/mL TPT for an additional 24 h, & the indicated proteins were then analysed by immunoblotting. C. HCT116 cells were transfected with LKB1 or CaMKK beta siRNAs, treated with or without 1 µg/mL TPT for an additional 24 h, & the indicated proteins were detected by immunoblotting. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024792), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415334948.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Specific inhibitor SP600125 or siRNA directed JNK blocked ceramide-induced autophagy & up-regulation of LC3 expression. (A) SUNE1 cells were treated with 20 μM ceramide for 24 h in the absence or presence of SP600125 or JNK1/2 siRNA. Lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting. (B) Autophagosome formation was visualized using YFP-LC3 expressing & observed under a confocal microscope. Representative immunofluorescence pictures are shown at the original magnification × 1000. (C) The expression of LC3 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR analysis. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21943220), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241535643.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Glutamine deprivation induces IL-8 secretion.(a) RT–PCR analysis of LC3, IL-8, CHOP & GADD34 in U2OS cells subjected to glutamine deprivation (−Q) or exposed to TPG (1 μM). (b) Immunoblot analysis of ER stress- & autophagy-related proteins in U2OS cells subjected to glutamine deprivation or TPG treatment. Samples are run in triplicate. (c) Cytokine array analysis of conditioned media from U2OS & A549 cells grown in the presence (+Q) or absence (−Q) of glutamine. (d) IL-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of conditioned media from U2OS & A549 cells grown in the presence (+Q) or absence (−Q) of glutamine. Error bars in all figures represent s.d. of three biological replicates. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5900), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415395934.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - NDs API improves ATO-based therapy in vivo. HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice administered intravenously (i.v.) w/ NS (200 μL), NDs (5 mg kg−1), ATO (0.75 mg kg−1), ATO (1.5 mg kg−1), NDs–0.75 mg kg−1 ATO mixture,/NDs–1.5 mg kg−1 ATO mixture daily for 5 consecutive days every week, w/ 13-week cycles c Immunoblots of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, p62 (left); semi-quantified analysis (n = 3) in tumor tissues from mice after treatment (right). GAPDH used as loading control. Normalized band densities shown below each band. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341298), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241539454.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - NDs API improves the ATO-based therapy in vivo. HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice administered intravenously (i.v.) w/ NS (200 μL), NDs (5 mg kg−1), ATO (0.75 mg kg−1), ATO (1.5 mg kg−1), NDs–0.75 mg kg−1 ATO mixture,/NDs–1.5 mg kg−1 ATO mixture daily for 5 consecutive days every week, w/ 13-week cycles. g Immunostaining of LC3 & ATG13 in tumor tissues of NDs–1.5 mg kg−1 ATO-treated mice. Schematic showing (left) & imaging (right) indicate that LC3/Atg13 puncta in periphery & around the blood vessels inside the tumors. Scale bars: 20 μm. Error bars s.d. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341298), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415382444.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - LC3, CRF, & HIF-1 alpha expression. (a) for each antibody the spatial distribution of immunohistochemical staining was the same in cases with spontaneous & induced labor. (b) The analysis of data from optical density values of Western blotting bands shows no differences of LC3-II & HIF-1 alpha expression between groups. On the contrary CRF is higher in spontaneous labor. LC3-II, HIF-1 alpha , & CRF are normalized onto alpha -tubulin. (c) No correlation between LC3-II & CRF expression was found. SP: spontaneous labor; PG: induction with prostaglandin; PO: induction with prostaglandin & oxytocin; OX: induction with oxytocin. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956998), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415392554.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - The time-dependent effects of melatonin on the LC3-II & Beclin 1 expression in U87MG (a, b) & A172 (c, d) cells. The cells were treated with 1 mM melatonin for 4, 12, 24 or 36 h. PBS was used as a negative control, & rapamycin (Rap 200 nM) served as a positive control. The levels of LC3-II & Beclin-1 expression were determined by a Western blot analysis. The protein bands for each regimen were quantified by densitometry, & their differences are presented in the graph. The values represent the mean ± S.E.M. for three separate determinations. Statistical significance * at P 10 puncta per cell from three independent experiments is depicted. Bars represent mean±s.d. from three independent experiments (>50 cells per experiment). The statistical significance (P value) was determined by a two-tailed, paired Student’s t-test. *P<0.05. (c) Immunoblot analysis of U2OS cells subjected to glutamine deprivation with or without 400 nM BafA1. Cells were pretreated with BafA1 for 1 h before & during exposure to glutamine-deficient medium. Autophagic activity was monitored by detection of p62 & LC3-II proteins. (d) U2OS mCherry-GFP-LC3 cells were cultured in the presence (+Q) or absence (−Q) of glutamine for 18 h. Red vesicles denote autolysosomes, whereas yellow vesicles represent autophagosomes. Bars indicate numbers of yellow vesicles (autophagosomes) or red vesicles (autolysosomes) per cell±s.d. (e) Images of U2OS mCherry-GFP-LC3 cells cultured for 18 h in the presence (+Q) or absence (−Q) of glutamine. Scale bar, 10 μm. (f) Phagophore formation in mCherry-ULK1. Scale bar, 10 μm. (g) mCherry-ATG5-expressing U2OS cells after 24 h in the presence (+Q) or absence (−Q) of glutamine. Scale bar, 10 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5900), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241554193.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Glucocorticoids promote BCG survival in macrophages by inhibiting autophagy. (a) RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with dexamethasone (DEX) (1 μM) or vehicle control ethanol (mock) for 6 hr & then challenged with M. bovis BCG (MOI 5) or treated with the vehicle control DMSO or rapamycin (4 μM). LC3 level was detected with Western blot analysis. & GAPDH was used as the loading control. Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. 12. Data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. (b,c) RAW264.7 cells were treated as described in (a), & viable bacilli were determined by CFU assays at 6 hpi (b). Survival rate was calculated compared with that of mock-treated cells (c). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-01174-9), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415532059.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - CysC regulates AMPK activity during the induction of autophagy. (a) Immunoblotting analysis of autophagy regulators. N2a cells expressing SOD1 treated with or without CysC (1 μM) for 6 h. The lysates analyzed by immunoblotting using antibodies for phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK), phosphorylated mTOR (pmTOR), phosphorylated PKCδ (pPKCδ), Myc & beta -actin. (b) Inactivation of AMPK by mutant SOD1 expression. Each relative pAMPK level normalized by beta -actin in (a) is quantified. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus mock. (c) Activation of AMPK by CysC treatment. Relative levels of pAMPK for CysC-treated samples normalized by that of PBS-treated control, which is shown as the broken line, in (a) quantified. *P<0.05 versus PBS-treated controls. (d) CysC induced autophagy through the AMPK activation. N2a cells treated with CysC (1 μM), CC (5 μM) or AICA-riboside (AICAR, 5 mM) for 12 h. The lysates analyzed by immunoblotting using antibodies against pAMPK, LC3 & Tubulin (left panel). Quantification of immunoblots was plotted (right panel). (e) The effect of pAMPK activation on neuroprotection by CysC. N2a cells expressing G85R SOD1 mutant treated with CysC (0.2 μM), CC (5 μM) or AICAR (5 mM). Cell viability was measured by the MTS assay. Data expressed as means±S.E.M. from 3 independent experiments. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. *P<0.01 compared to non-treated control, #P<0.01 compared to CysC-treated one. (f) Immunoblotting analysis of pAMPK in SOD1 transgenic mouse spinal cords. The spinal cord lysates from the transgenic mice at indicated ages analyzed for the levels of pAMPK, SOD1 & beta -actin (upper panel). Expression levels of pAMPK normalized by beta -actin (lower panel). All data expressed as means±S.E.M. from 3 independent experiments Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/cddis2014459), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415535189.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Vps34 inhibition blocks autophagy initiation & causes accumulation of ubiquitin-positive & p62-positive structures. a Representative confocal images of cortical neurons treated with vehicle, Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) at 50 nM, VPS34IN1 at 3 µM or cotreated for 3 h. Arrows highlight LC3 & p62 structures. Right panel, bar graphs denote average object intensity, per cell (mean ± SEM, N = 49-60 cells, from three independent experiments). Scale bar, 10 µm. ***p < 0.001 in one-way ANOVA, Holm–Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. b Representative confocal images of cortical neurons treated as in a & immunostained for LAMP-1, LC3, & p62. Airyscan insets highlight position of LC3 & p62 structures relative to LAMP-1-positive membranes. Scale bar, 10 µm. c Representative confocal images of cultured cortical neurons treated with vehicle or VPS34IN1 at 3 µM for 24 h. Arrows highlight p62 & ubiquitin colocalization. Scale bar, 10 µm Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02533-w), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415535128.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - ORP1L & VAP-A form cholesterol-dependent ER-AV contact sites(a) MelJuSo cells expressing GFP or GFP-tagged ORP1L mutants were fixed & stained for LC3 & Calnexin. Y477 & D478 in the FFAT motif were mutated to alanines (A) in the ORP1L ydaa mutant. Scale bar, 10 μm. Right: co-immunoprecipitation for ORP1L (mutants) with VAP-A. GFP-ORP1L mutants or GFP were isolated from lysates of HEK293T cells co-overexpressing HA-VAPA using GFP-Trap beads. Western blot filters were probed for isolated GFP-tagged proteins, the associated HA-VAP-A & the input HA-VAP-A, as indicated. (b) Cryo-immuno-EM on HeLa cells expressing HA-LC3 & GFP-ORP1L delta ORD, as detected by HA10 nm & GFP15 nm gold antibodies. Insets show ORP1L labelling in the membrane contact site between ER & autophagosome. The membranes of the ER are depicted in the bottom inset. Scale bar, 50 nm. (c) Three-colour super-resolution image of an autophagosomal vesicle labelled by LC3 (green), ORP1L (blue) & the ER protein VAP-A (red). Scale bar, 500 nm (d) MelJuSo cells cultured either in lipid depleted serum or control medium were fixed & stained for LC3 & ER marker Calnexin. Scale bar, 10 μm. Right panel: Manders coefficient for LC3 localization to the ER was calculated on at least 10 cells over three independent experiments. Bars indicate mean+s.d. Student's t-test statistical analysis (****P<0.0001). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27283760), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241554525.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - OSI induces autophagy through upregulation of MCT1 in CRC cells.a Immunoblotting analysis of MCT1 expression in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI for 24 h. b Immunoblotting analysis of MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK in tumor xenografts obtained from vehicle- or OSI-treated mice. (Each protein of interest from each group was electrophoretically transferred onto a PVDF membrane, incubated with indicated primary & secondary antibodies, & developed as a digital image.) c Immunohistochemical analysis of MCT1 expression in tumor xenografts. Scale bar, 50 μm. d Relative intensity of MCT1 staining in (c). e CRC cells were transfected with siScramble or siMCT1 for 24 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 μM OSI for another 24 h. The protein levels of LC3, phosphorylated AMPK, phosphorylated LKB1 & MCT1 were analyzed by immunoblotting. f CRC cells were treated as in (e), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. g The number of LC3 puncta in (f). h CRC cells were transfected with empty vector or Flag-MCT1 plasmid for 48 h, the protein levels of MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK were analyzed by immunoblotting. i CRC cells were treated as in (h), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. j The number of LC3 puncta in (i). k Immunoblotting analysis of LC3, MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK levels in CRC cells co-transfected with Flag-MCT1 & DN-AMPK plasmids for 48 h. l CRC cells were treated as in (k), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. m The number of LC3 puncta per cell in (l). Data are presented as mean SEM, Student’s t-test, & are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409796), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415532016.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Abrogation of autophagy by siRNAs targeting autophagy-related genes in gastric cancer cells induced tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 expression. a Inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of ATG5 in AGS & NCI-n87 gastric cancer cells induced the expression of PD-L1 in the presence & absence of INF-gamma (200 U/mL) as shown by flow cytometry analysis at 48 h post-transfection. b The induction of PD-L1 was confirmed by Western blots at 72 h post-transfection. The knockdown efficacies of ATG5 & ATG7 siRNA were verified. The conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II was reduced. Results were averaged & blots were representative of 4 independent experiments. The ratio of PD-L1 MFI minus isotype control was shown as mean ± S.D. relative to Ctrl from 4 independent experiments, *p < 0.05 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30925913), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241682127.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - OSI induces autophagy through upregulation of MCT1 in CRC cells.a Immunoblotting analysis of MCT1 expression in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI for 24 h. b Immunoblotting analysis of MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK in tumor xenografts obtained from vehicle- or OSI-treated mice. (Each protein of interest from each group was electrophoretically transferred onto a PVDF membrane, incubated with indicated primary & secondary antibodies, & developed as a digital image.) c Immunohistochemical analysis of MCT1 expression in tumor xenografts. Scale bar, 50 μm. d Relative intensity of MCT1 staining in (c). e CRC cells were transfected with siScramble or siMCT1 for 24 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 μM OSI for another 24 h. The protein levels of LC3, phosphorylated AMPK, phosphorylated LKB1 & MCT1 were analyzed by immunoblotting. f CRC cells were treated as in (e), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. g The number of LC3 puncta in (f). h CRC cells were transfected with empty vector or Flag-MCT1 plasmid for 48 h, the protein levels of MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK were analyzed by immunoblotting. i CRC cells were treated as in (h), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. j The number of LC3 puncta in (i). k Immunoblotting analysis of LC3, MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK levels in CRC cells co-transfected with Flag-MCT1 & DN-AMPK plasmids for 48 h. l CRC cells were treated as in (k), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. m The number of LC3 puncta per cell in (l). Data are presented as mean SEM, Student’s t-test, & are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409796), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415541982.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Screening of potent NAPIs in HepG2. a Immunoblots for autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, p62 (left); semi-quantified analysis (n = 3) in various nanoparticles treated cells (right). CQ & Rapamycin (Rapa) were used as positive controls for autophagy inhibition & autophagy activation, respectively. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the loading control. Normalized band densities were shown below each band. b Fluorescence images of mCherry-GFP-LC3 cells after incubation with CQ or NDs for 48 h (autophagosomes: mCherry+/GFP+ yellow puncta; autolysosomes: mCherry+/GFP) & quantification of the number of LC3 puncta per cell in cells (10 cells per group). Scale bar: 10 μm. c Immunoblots for autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, p62 (left); semi-quantified analysis (n = 3) in CQ, NDs, or CQ–NDs-treated cells (right). &P < 0.05, significantly different from NDs. GAPDH was used as the loading control. Normalized band densities were shown below each band. d Left: Cell viability after incubation with ATO or various NAPIs–ATO mixture for 48 h (n = 3). ##P < 0.01 by t-test, significantly different from ATO. Right: Cell viability after 48 h NDs–ATO treatment with RNAi of autophagy proteins ATG5 & ATG7 (n = 3). e, f Immunoblots for autophagy-related protein LC3-II & autolysosomal process-related protein NUPR1, SNAP25, VAMP8 in NDs-treated cells. g Immunoblots for autolysosomal process-related protein NUPR1 after NDs treatment with RNAi of autophagy proteins ATG5 & ATG7. GAPDH was used as the loading control. Error bars are s.d. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341298), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415532088.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Screening of potent NAPIs in HepG2. a Immunoblots for autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, p62 (left); semi-quantified analysis (n = 3) in various nanoparticles treated cells (right). CQ & Rapamycin (Rapa) were used as positive controls for autophagy inhibition & autophagy activation, respectively. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the loading control. Normalized band densities were shown below each band. b Fluorescence images of mCherry-GFP-LC3 cells after incubation with CQ or NDs for 48 h (autophagosomes: mCherry+/GFP+ yellow puncta; autolysosomes: mCherry+/GFP) & quantification of the number of LC3 puncta per cell in cells (10 cells per group). Scale bar: 10 μm. c Immunoblots for autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, p62 (left); semi-quantified analysis (n = 3) in CQ, NDs, or CQ–NDs-treated cells (right). &P < 0.05, significantly different from NDs. GAPDH was used as the loading control. Normalized band densities were shown below each band. d Left: Cell viability after incubation with ATO or various NAPIs–ATO mixture for 48 h (n = 3). ##P < 0.01 by t-test, significantly different from ATO. Right: Cell viability after 48 h NDs–ATO treatment with RNAi of autophagy proteins ATG5 & ATG7 (n = 3). e, f Immunoblots for autophagy-related protein LC3-II & autolysosomal process-related protein NUPR1, SNAP25, VAMP8 in NDs-treated cells. g Immunoblots for autolysosomal process-related protein NUPR1 after NDs treatment with RNAi of autophagy proteins ATG5 & ATG7. GAPDH was used as the loading control. Error bars are s.d. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341298), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415523913.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - OSI induces autophagy in CRC cells in vitro & in vivo.a Immunoblotting analysis of LC3, Atg5, & p62/SQSTM1 expression in CRC cells treated with indicated concentrations of OSI for 24 h. b The formation of endogenous LC3 puncta in cells treated with DMSO or 5 μM OSI for 24 h. c Total number of endogenous LC3 puncta per cell in (b). d, e LC3 expression in xenograft tissues was examined by IHC. Representative images were provided as indicated in (d) & relative intensity of LC3 staining was quantified in (e). f Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 & p62/SQSTM1 expression in tumor xenografts (Each protein of interest from each group was electrophoretically transferred onto a PVDF membrane, incubated with indicated primary & secondary antibodies, & developed as a digital image.) g Relative intensity of LC3 in (f). h Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the interaction between Beclin 1 & Bcl-2 in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI for 24 h. i Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 expression in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI in the presence or absence of 5 mM 3-MA for 24 h. j CRC cells were treated as in (i), the LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. k, l Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 expression in CRC cells transfected with siScramble, siATG5 (k), or siBECN1 (l) for 24 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 μM OSI for another 24 h. m CRC cells were treated as in (k, l). The LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. Data are presented as mean SEM, Student’s t-test, & are representative of 3 independent experiments. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409796), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415523911.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - OSI induces autophagy in CRC cells in vitro & in vivo.a Immunoblotting analysis of LC3, Atg5, & p62/SQSTM1 expression in CRC cells treated with indicated concentrations of OSI for 24 h. b The formation of endogenous LC3 puncta in cells treated with DMSO or 5 μM OSI for 24 h. c Total number of endogenous LC3 puncta per cell in (b). d, e LC3 expression in xenograft tissues was examined by IHC. Representative images were provided as indicated in (d) & relative intensity of LC3 staining was quantified in (e). f Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 & p62/SQSTM1 expression in tumor xenografts (Each protein of interest from each group was electrophoretically transferred onto a PVDF membrane, incubated with indicated primary & secondary antibodies, & developed as a digital image.) g Relative intensity of LC3 in (f). h Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the interaction between Beclin 1 & Bcl-2 in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI for 24 h. i Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 expression in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI in the presence or absence of 5 mM 3-MA for 24 h. j CRC cells were treated as in (i), the LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. k, l Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 expression in CRC cells transfected with siScramble, siATG5 (k), or siBECN1 (l) for 24 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 μM OSI for another 24 h. m CRC cells were treated as in (k, l). The LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. Data are presented as mean SEM, Student’s t-test, & are representative of 3 independent experiments. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409796), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241553713.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Growth retardation & shortened lifespan of the mice with deletion of an autophagy-essential gene Atg7 in hematopoietic system. (A) Three genotypes for wild-type, heterozygote, & homozygote for Atg 7 deletion in hematopoietic system with representative images of the mice. The images were taken at age of 10 weeks. (B) PCR Genotyping analysis of the offsprings from Atg7f/f mice crossing Vav-iCre mice to screen Atg7f/f;Vav-iCre mice. The sequences for the primers used in PCR are given in the method section, & their PCR amplified bands representing specific genotypes were indicated in the agarose gel electrophoresis films. (C) Examination of Atg7 expression in wild-type & the Atg7-deleted mice. Upper panel, quantitative PCR analysis of Atg7 transcription normalized to Gapdh transcript in different organs; lower panel, western blotting analysis of autophagy-essential protein ATG7 & lipidation of LC3 in different organs. GAPDH used as a loading control. (D) Growth comparison between wild-type & Atg7-deleted mice. Wild-type mice progressively gain weight before age of 60 weeks (left panel), but Atg7-deleted mice cease weight gain at about age of 6 weeks (right panel). (E) Measurement of lifespan of wild-type & Atg7-deleted mice. (F) Immunohistological examination of heart, liver, lung & thymus from 10 weeks old wild-type & Atg7-deleted mice by HE staining. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31327762), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415535185.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Overexpression of wild-type MAGEA6, but not mutant MAGEA6, suppresses autophagy in PDAC cell lines.(A) Immunoblot analysis of autophagy signaling in HPDE-iKRAS cells expressing GFP (Vec) & MAGEA6 variants. (B) Immunofluorescence staining of LC3B puncta in the transduced HPDE-iKRAS cells. Representative photos (left) & statistical analysis (mean ± standard deviation of counted cells, N=~100 per cohort) are shown. *p=0.002; two-tailed unpaired t-test. (C) Immunoblot analysis of autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62 in the transduced HPDE-iKRAS cells treated with BafA1 for the indicated time points., Immunoblot analysis of (D) autophagy signaling & (E) SQSTM1/p62 accumulation in wild-type MAGEA6 expressing & (F) autophagy signaling in MAGEA6H305fs* expressing HPDE-iKRAS cells under nutrient-deficient conditions. (G) Immunoblot analysis of autophagy signaling in wild-type MAGEA6 expressing cells under prolonged nutrient-deficient conditions.Immunoblot analysis of autophagy signaling of transduced AsPC-1 & MIA PaCa-2.Immunoblot analysis of the accumulation of autophagy substrate SQSTM/p62 in the transduced HPDE-iKRAS cells under BafA1 for the indicated time points.Immunoblot analysis of autophagy activity in transduced HPDE-iKRAS cells under nutrient-depleted conditions as indicated. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32270762), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415535165.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Inhibition of LRRK2 alters the autophagy/lysosomal pathway in H4 neuroglioma cells. A) LC3-II levels increase upon LRRK2-in1 inhibitor treatment (1 μM, overnight treatment; quantification from 3 independent replicates, the plot shows mean & SD, * indicates significance (p < 0.05)). B) Dose dependent increase in LC3-II upon overnight treatment with LRRK2-in1. C) MTT assay showing no alteration of cell viability upon over night treatment with LRRK2-in1 from 1 to 5 μM. A small toxic effect appeared with the higher dose (10 μM). The plot shows mean & SD, * indicates significance (p < 0.05). D) LRRK2 knockdown cells display reduced response to LRRK2-in1. LRRK2 protein levels are decreased in shRNA stable line compared to wild type cells (right panel), & knockdown of LRRK2 reduces response to 1 μM LRRK2-in1 treatment compared to wild type or scrambled shRNA cells (left panel). E) Western blot analysis of H4 cells treated with DMSO & LRRK2-in1 (5 μM, 2.5 hours treatment) in the presence & absence of 40 nM bafilomycin added at the same time as the inhibitor. Quantification of three replicates is shown in the right hand panel, the plot shows mean & SD, * indicates significance (p < 0.05). F) LRRK2-in1 increases LC3-II levels independent of mTORC1 activity. P70S6K & phoshoThr389-P70S6K; S6 & phosphoSer235/236-S6 levels are shown in control, starvation & amino-acid stimulated conditions. LRRK2-in1 (1 μM over night) treatment does not alter phosphorylation of P70S6K & S6 in conditions that show increased levels of LC3-II. G) Neutral red staining. The plot shows mean & SEM. * indicates significance (p < 0.05). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167488913002954), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241553728.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - SQSTM1 recruited ARHGAP5-AS1 for autophagic degradation.a ARHGAP5-AS1 expression in resistant cells after transfecting siNC or SQSTM1 siRNAs was assessed using qRT-PCR. **p < 0.01. b ARHGAP5-AS1 expression in sensitive cells after SQSTM1 overexpression was detected by qRT-PCR. c The interaction of ARHGAP5-AS1 with SQSTM1 in SGC-R cells was analyzed by RIP assay followed with qRT-PCR. IgG was served as the negative control. d RNA pull down assay was performed to verify the binding of SQSTM1 to ARHGAP5-AS1 in SGC7901 or SGC-R cells. beta -actin was served as negative control. NC: no probe. The interaction of ARHGAP5-AS1 with SQSTM1 in SGC-R cells before & after EBSS treatment (4 h) were analyzed using RIP assay (e) & RNA pull down assay (f). g The interaction of various SQSTM1 constructs with ARHGAP5-AS1 were analyzed using RIP assay. h The interaction of various ARHGAP5-AS1 fragments with SQSTM1 was analyzed by RNA pull down assay. i Half-life of ARHGAP5-AS1 in SGC7901 & SGC-R cells with different SQSTM1 expression status were determined by qRT-PCR. The colocalization of ARHGAP5-AS with SQSTM1 (j) & LC3B (k) in SGC-R cells treated as indicated were analyzed by combined FISH & IFC assay (original magnification, ×100). Scale bar: 100 μm (j) & 10 μm (k) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31097692), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241553716.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Effects of autophagy & caspase inhibitors on survival of neurons after glucose reperfusion (GR).After 3 h GD, neuro2a cells were replaced by 20-Methyladenine (3MA); Bafilomycin A1 (BA1) & z-VAD-FMK (z-VAD) were added at final concentrations of 5 mM, 5 nM & 20 uM, respectively. (A) Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay after treatment of autophagy & pan-caspase inhibitors. MTT mitochondrial reduction was shown as a relative percentage of the MTT values at the indicated time point (3 h GD/48 h GR) from three independent experiments ± SD (*p<0.05, **p<0.001). (B) Changes in protein levels by inhibitors of autophagy or caspase activation were analyzed by immunoblot. Proteins were blotted with anti-LC3, p62, cleaved-caspase 3 & PARP antibodies. Tubulin was used as loading control. (C) Quantification of immunoblot data in (B). The amount of each protein was normalized against the amount of tubulin. Data represent the mean ± SD (*p<0.05, n = 3). (D) Cells transiently expressing GFP-LC3 (green) were treated with 3MA, BA1 or z-VAD for 48 h of GR after 3h GD. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar represents 5 µm. Quantification shown on the right graph represents mean GFP-LC3 puncta per cell (n = 10 cells per condition) from three independent experiments ± SD. The asterisks (*) indicate significant differences in the values.*p<0.05, **p<0.001. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076466), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241553717.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Exposure of microglia to cART resulted in blockade of autophagosome–lysosome fusion. (A) rPMs were seeded into a 12-well plate followed by tandem fluorescent-tagged MAP1LC3B plasmid. Next, cells were exposed to cART (5 µM each of TDF, FTC, & DTG) for an additional 24 h & observed by confocal imaging. The results showed that cART exposure significantly increased the formation of autophagosomes (yellow puncta). (B) Representative bar graph showing the number of autophagosome (yellow puncta) per cell. (C) Representative bar graph showing the number of autolysosome (red puncta) per cell. (D) rPMs were seeded into 12-well plates followed with cART exposure for 24 h. Cells were then double immunostained with MAP1LC3B & LAMP2 antibody & observed by immunofluorescent microscopy. (E,F) Representative bar graphs showing cART-mediated decreased LAMP2 puncta & decreased colocalization of MAP1LC3B & LAMP2. BAF—autophagosome fusion inhibitor, & rapamycin (RAP—autophagy inducer) were used as controls for autophagy flux. Data is from three independent experiments & is expressed as means ± SEM & were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. *, p < 0.05 vs. control. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31569373), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241683936.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - The cytoprotection of in vitro sIPC is diminished by autophagy inhibitors in RPTC cells. RPTC cells were subjected to: (1) control; (2) CCCP-R; (3) sIPC + CCCP-R in the absence or presence of chloroquine (20 μM) & 3-methyladenine (10 mM). Both inhibitors were used for 1-h pretreatment & during 2-h recovery from prolonged CCCP treatment. Cells were collected for morphological & immunoblot analyses. (a) Representative images of phase contrast & fluorescence microscopy showing cellular & nuclear morphology of apoptosis. Scale bar: 200 μm. (b) Quantification of cell apoptosis. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *, P < 0.05, significantly different from the control group; #, P < 0.05, significantly different from CCCP-R group. (c) Analysis of apoptosis inhibitory efficiency by sIPC. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *, P < 0.05, significantly different from the group without inhibitors. (d & e) Immunoblots of LC3B & cleaved CASP3. ACTB was used as a loading control. The molecular mass marker lanes were labelled as kDa. For densitometric analysis of cleaved CASP3, after normalization with ACTB, the protein signals of the control were arbitrarily set as 1, & the signals of other conditions were normalized to the control to calculate fold changes. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *, P < 0.05, significantly different from the control group; #, P < 0.05, significantly different from CCCP-R group. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31066324), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415541971.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - ORP1L & VAP-A form cholesterol-dependent ER-AV contact sites(a) MelJuSo cells expressing GFP or GFP-tagged ORP1L mutants were fixed & stained for LC3 & Calnexin. Y477 & D478 in the FFAT motif were mutated to alanines (A) in the ORP1L ydaa mutant. Scale bar, 10 μm. Right: co-immunoprecipitation for ORP1L (mutants) with VAP-A. GFP-ORP1L mutants or GFP were isolated from lysates of HEK293T cells co-overexpressing HA-VAPA using GFP-Trap beads. Western blot filters were probed for isolated GFP-tagged proteins, the associated HA-VAP-A & the input HA-VAP-A, as indicated. (b) Cryo-immuno-EM on HeLa cells expressing HA-LC3 & GFP-ORP1L delta ORD, as detected by HA10 nm & GFP15 nm gold antibodies. Insets show ORP1L labelling in the membrane contact site between ER & autophagosome. The membranes of the ER are depicted in the bottom inset. Scale bar, 50 nm. (c) Three-colour super-resolution image of an autophagosomal vesicle labelled by LC3 (green), ORP1L (blue) & the ER protein VAP-A (red). Scale bar, 500 nm (d) MelJuSo cells cultured either in lipid depleted serum or control medium were fixed & stained for LC3 & ER marker Calnexin. Scale bar, 10 μm. Right panel: Manders coefficient for LC3 localization to the ER was calculated on at least 10 cells over three independent experiments. Bars indicate mean+s.d. Student's t-test statistical analysis (****P<0.0001). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27283760), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415541949.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Inhibition of LRRK2 alters the autophagy/lysosomal pathway in H4 neuroglioma cells. A) LC3-II levels increase upon LRRK2-in1 inhibitor treatment (1 μM, overnight treatment; quantification from 3 independent replicates, the plot shows mean & SD, * indicates significance (p < 0.05)). B) Dose dependent increase in LC3-II upon overnight treatment with LRRK2-in1. C) MTT assay showing no alteration of cell viability upon over night treatment with LRRK2-in1 from 1 to 5 μM. A small toxic effect appeared with the higher dose (10 μM). The plot shows mean & SD, * indicates significance (p < 0.05). D) LRRK2 knockdown cells display reduced response to LRRK2-in1. LRRK2 protein levels are decreased in shRNA stable line compared to wild type cells (right panel), & knockdown of LRRK2 reduces response to 1 μM LRRK2-in1 treatment compared to wild type or scrambled shRNA cells (left panel). E) Western blot analysis of H4 cells treated with DMSO & LRRK2-in1 (5 μM, 2.5 hours treatment) in the presence & absence of 40 nM bafilomycin added at the same time as the inhibitor. Quantification of three replicates is shown in the right hand panel, the plot shows mean & SD, * indicates significance (p < 0.05). F) LRRK2-in1 increases LC3-II levels independent of mTORC1 activity. P70S6K & phoshoThr389-P70S6K; S6 & phosphoSer235/236-S6 levels are shown in control, starvation & amino-acid stimulated conditions. LRRK2-in1 (1 μM over night) treatment does not alter phosphorylation of P70S6K & S6 in conditions that show increased levels of LC3-II. G) Neutral red staining. The plot shows mean & SEM. * indicates significance (p < 0.05). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167488913002954), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-3102024165723.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - TFEB overexpression in macrophages induces the autophagy markers LC3 & p62 & restores their co-localization in atherosclerotic aortic roots.(a,b) Representative immunofluorescence images of atherosclerotic aortic roots (2 months' western diet) from control & mφTFEB-TG mice (ApoE-null background) stained with antibodies against TFEB (a), TFEB & MOMA-2 (b; scale bar, 50 μm). (c) Quantification of the average TFEB intensity & co-localization with nuclear marker DAPI (n=4-5 mice per group). (d) Representative immunofluorescence images of atherosclerotic aortic roots from control & mφTFEB-TG mice stained with p62 & LC3 (scale bar, 50 μm). (e) Quantification of the p62 & LC3 average intensity from control & mφTFEB-TG-stained roots (n=13–14 mice per group). (f) Representative pseudocolour image of these p62/LC3 images (green represents co-localization) & graph depicting the increased p62/LC3 correlation seen in a representative mφTFEB-TG as compared to a control lesion (scale bar, 50 μm). (g) Quantification of the p62/LC3 co-localization from control & mφTFEB-TG-stained roots shown (n=13–14 mice per group). (h,i) FACS analysis of aortic macrophages isolated from atherosclerotic aortas of Control or mφTFEB-TG mice (western diet-fed ApoE-KO background, n=3–4 pooled aortas) & stained for either (h) p62 & LC3, or (i) Lamp2 & LC3 antibodies (per cent of macrophages expressing each marker is shown below plots). For all graphs, data are presented as mean±s.e.m. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001, two-tailed unpaired t-test. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15750), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241553207.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Keap1 co-localizes with SQSTM1-immunopositive sarcoplasmic aggregates in AVM muscle. a-c. Only focal & minimal co-localization of LC3 (a) & Keap1 immunofluorescence (b) is seen in a representative toxic AVM sample (colchicine-treated subject #31); merged panel is shown in (c) (LC3, red; Keap1, green). d-f. In the same specimen, there is extensive co-localization of SQSTM1 (d) & Keap1 immunofluorescence (e); merged panel is shown in (f) (SQSTM1, red; Keap1, green). g-i. Similar to toxic AVM specimens, essentially no co-localization of LC3 (g) & Keap1 immunofluorescence (h) is seen in a representative IBM muscle biopsy (subject #46); merged panel is shown in (i) (LC3, red; Keap1, green). j-l. In the same specimen, there is extensive co-localization of SQSTM1 (j) & Keap1 immunofluorescence (k); merged panel is shown in (l) (SQSTM1, red; Keap1, green). Scale bar, 25 μm Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40478-016-0384-6), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415535125.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Glucose deprivation (GD) induces neuronal cell death.Time course of cell viability & cell death after GD was estimated by MTT & LDH assays, respectively. Bars depict rates of MTT reduction (A) & LDH release (B) time dependent manner after GD. MTT data represent relative percentages compared with controls (*p<0.05, **p<0.001, n = 3). LDH release from neuro2a cells was calculated as fold increase from the LDH release in controls (*p<0.01, **p<0.001, n = 3). (C) Levels of LC3 & p62 expression, cleaved-caspase 3 & PARP cleavage were determined at indicated times after GD by immunoblot analysis. Tubulin was used as loading control. (D) Quantitative analyses of the immunoblots are shown in (C). The amount of each protein was normalized against the amount of tubulin. Data represent the mean ± SD for each condition (*p<0.05, **p<0.001, n = 3). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076466), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241552390.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - OSI induces autophagy through upregulation of MCT1 in CRC cells.a Immunoblotting analysis of MCT1 expression in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI for 24 h. b Immunoblotting analysis of MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK in tumor xenografts obtained from vehicle- or OSI-treated mice. (Each protein of interest from each group was electrophoretically transferred onto a PVDF membrane, incubated with indicated primary & secondary antibodies, & developed as a digital image.) c Immunohistochemical analysis of MCT1 expression in tumor xenografts. Scale bar, 50 μm. d Relative intensity of MCT1 staining in (c). e CRC cells were transfected with siScramble or siMCT1 for 24 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 μM OSI for another 24 h. The protein levels of LC3, phosphorylated AMPK, phosphorylated LKB1 & MCT1 were analyzed by immunoblotting. f CRC cells were treated as in (e), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. g The number of LC3 puncta in (f). h CRC cells were transfected with empty vector or Flag-MCT1 plasmid for 48 h, the protein levels of MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK were analyzed by immunoblotting. i CRC cells were treated as in (h), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. j The number of LC3 puncta in (i). k Immunoblotting analysis of LC3, MCT1 & phosphorylated AMPK levels in CRC cells co-transfected with Flag-MCT1 & DN-AMPK plasmids for 48 h. l CRC cells were treated as in (k), the endogenous LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. m The number of LC3 puncta per cell in (l). Data are presented as mean SEM, Student’s t-test, & are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409796), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415525226.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - OSI induces autophagy in CRC cells in vitro & in vivo.a Immunoblotting analysis of LC3, Atg5, & p62/SQSTM1 expression in CRC cells treated with indicated concentrations of OSI for 24 h. b The formation of endogenous LC3 puncta in cells treated with DMSO or 5 μM OSI for 24 h. c Total number of endogenous LC3 puncta per cell in (b). d, e LC3 expression in xenograft tissues was examined by IHC. Representative images were provided as indicated in (d) & relative intensity of LC3 staining was quantified in (e). f Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 & p62/SQSTM1 expression in tumor xenografts (Each protein of interest from each group was electrophoretically transferred onto a PVDF membrane, incubated with indicated primary & secondary antibodies, & developed as a digital image.) g Relative intensity of LC3 in (f). h Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the interaction between Beclin 1 & Bcl-2 in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI for 24 h. i Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 expression in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI in the presence or absence of 5 mM 3-MA for 24 h. j CRC cells were treated as in (i), the LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. k, l Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 expression in CRC cells transfected with siScramble, siATG5 (k), or siBECN1 (l) for 24 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 μM OSI for another 24 h. m CRC cells were treated as in (k, l). The LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. Data are presented as mean SEM, Student’s t-test, & are representative of 3 independent experiments. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409796), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415535133.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Measurement of dysregulated autophagy by fluorescent microscopyOVCAR3 cells were treated with the indicated drugs for 24 hours & then fixed & immunostained for p62 (red) & LC3 (green), with a DAPI costain (blue). Confocal z-stacks were flattened for image analysis to capture all punctate area. A. Doses were: chloroquine (10 μM), nelfinavir (10 μM), rapamycin (10 nM), dasatinib (50 nM), & all were combined for Necramed. B. Similar immunostaining as in (A) Punctae were quantified for size & number per cell by ImageJ with at least 40 cells per condition. LC3 channel was analyzed for autophagosomes, & the p62 channel for sequestosomes. Doses were same as in (A), but with chloroquine & nelfinavir reduced to 5 μM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 by t-test. All error bars are s.e.m. C. OVCAR3 cells with a virally integrated mCherry-GFP-LC3 construct were studied by live microscopy, for the number of hours indicated following Necramed (doses as in (A)) or control treatment. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26418751), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-3102024165734.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Rop-DPRL combined with CR inhibits tumor growth. (A) Fluorescent imaging of major organs & tumor. Tumor-bearing mice were injected with cy5-labeled liposome or unlabelled liposome. The tumor & major organs from control or drug-treated mice were excised at 12 h or 24 h. (B) Fluorescent image of tumor sections. Tumor from control or Rop-DPRL treated mice were excised at 12 h. Tumor frozen sections were observed under confocal microscope. Scale bar = 20 µm. (C) Immunofluorescence staining of tumor sections for the autophagosome marker LC3, P62 & LAMP1. (D) Image of representative tumors. (E) Change in tumor volume. (F) Tumor weight. (G) TUNEL staining of tumor sections. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst. Scale bar = 20µm. (H) Body weight changes of mice under different treatments. CR: Calorie restriction. Arrows: Enlarged lysosomes. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, ** p < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32308756), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241555242.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - SsD & SsA inhibit autophagy in HeLa cells. a Structures of SsA, SsC, & SsD. b SsD (15 μM) & SsA (30 μM), but not SsC, significantly increased LC3-II yellow puncta formation but did not significantly affect LC3-II red-only puncta in RFP-GFP-LC3-expressing HeLa cells. Scale bar = 10 μm. Quantification of LC3 yellow puncta/red puncta (%) is presented as the mean ± S.E., n = ~80 cells from 3 independent experiments. c Treatment of HeLa cells with SsD for 6 h induced the accumulation of both LC3-II & SQSTM1 in a dose-dependent manner. d SsD (15 μM) induced the accumulation of both LC3-II & SQSTM1 in HeLa cells in a time-dependent manner. e SsA (30 μM) induced the accumulation of both LC3-II & SQSTM1 in HeLa cells in a time-dependent manner. f Treatment with different concentrations of SsC for 6 h failed to induce the accumulation of either LC3-II or SQSTM1 in HeLa cells. g SsD (15 μM) reversibly inhibited autophagy Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30820356), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241553736.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - PERK pathway-independent induction of prosurvival autophagy in KG1 LSC-like cells upon G9a inhibition. a, LC3-I/II & p62 expression, analyzed by western blotting, after cell treatment with BIX-01294 (15 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) for 24 h. b, Confocal microscopy images of GFP-LC3-transfected cells after treatment with BIX-01294 (5 μmol/L). c, Apoptotic fractions, measured using flow cytometry, after cell treatment with BIX-01294 (15 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (5 mmol/L) or BafA1 (2 nmol/L) for 48 h. d, Protein expression, analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies, after treatment of PERK siRNA-transfected & non-transfected cells with BIX-01294 (15 μmol/L) for 48 h. e, Protein expression, analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies, after cell treatment with BIX-01294 (10 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of GSK2606414 (20 μmol/L) for 48 h. f, Protein expression, analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies, after treatment of NRF2 siRNA-transfected & non-transfected cells with BIX-01294 (10 μmol/L) for 48 h. g, Levels of apoptosis, evaluated by flow cytometry, after cell treatment for 48 h with BIX-01294 (10 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 (10 μmol/L) or the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (5 mmol/L), or BafA1 (2 nmol/L). h, Levels of apoptosis, evaluated by flow cytometry, after treatment of PERK siRNA- or control siRNA-transfected cells with BIX-01294 (10 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of 3-MA (5 mmol/L) or BafA1 (2 nmol/L) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32293500), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241682153.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - OSI induces autophagy in CRC cells in vitro & in vivo.a Immunoblotting analysis of LC3, Atg5, & p62/SQSTM1 expression in CRC cells treated with indicated concentrations of OSI for 24 h. b The formation of endogenous LC3 puncta in cells treated with DMSO or 5 μM OSI for 24 h. c Total number of endogenous LC3 puncta per cell in (b). d, e LC3 expression in xenograft tissues was examined by IHC. Representative images were provided as indicated in (d) & relative intensity of LC3 staining was quantified in (e). f Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 & p62/SQSTM1 expression in tumor xenografts (Each protein of interest from each group was electrophoretically transferred onto a PVDF membrane, incubated with indicated primary & secondary antibodies, & developed as a digital image.) g Relative intensity of LC3 in (f). h Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the interaction between Beclin 1 & Bcl-2 in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI for 24 h. i Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 expression in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI in the presence or absence of 5 mM 3-MA for 24 h. j CRC cells were treated as in (i), the LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. k, l Immunoblotting analysis of LC3 expression in CRC cells transfected with siScramble, siATG5 (k), or siBECN1 (l) for 24 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 μM OSI for another 24 h. m CRC cells were treated as in (k, l). The LC3 puncta were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. Data are presented as mean SEM, Student’s t-test, & are representative of 3 independent experiments. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409796), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241555224.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Metabolic profiling & biochemical assay. (A) Relative abundance of the substrates in the glycolytic pathway & TCA cycle in ORP compared to OCL by targeted metabolic profiling. When compared with OCL heart, ORP hearts have significantly lower glucose-6-phosphate & fructose-6-phosphate (both are glycolytic metabolites), & significantly higher a-ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate, & citrate (all are TCA cycle metabolites). *P < 0.05 compared with OCL. See Table S6 for numerical data. (B) A schematic diagram summarizing the changes in metabolism by rapamycin in old heart. (C) Western blots of autophagic markers show no significant change of LC3 II/I, p62, or beclin-1 in cardiac aging. However, OCR has significantly lower p62 than that in OCL. #P < 0.05 compared with OCL. (D) Both CR & RP significantly reduce the age-dependent increase in protein carbonyls (nmol mL−1). #P < 0.05 compared with OCL. (E). Both CR & RP significantly reduce the age-dependent increase in protein ubiquitination.*P < 0.05 compared with YCL & #P < 0.05 compared with OCL. n = 3–8. G6P: glucose 6-phosphate; G1P: glucose 1-phosphate; F6P: fructose 6-phosphate; F1P: fructose 1-phosphate; F16BP: fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; F26BP: fructose 2,6-biphosphate; G3P: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; DHAP:dihydroxyacetone phosphate; 2(3)-PGA: 2- or 3-phosphoglycerate; & PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate. Isomers of same molecular weight, that is, G6P versus G1P, F6P versus F1P, & F16BP versus F26BP, were not distinguishable by the LC-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling method. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24612461), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415535191.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - iNOS level is regulated by autophagy during LPS-stimulated condition. (A) Raw 264.7 cells were treated with LPS (200 ng/mL) for 12 h first, followed by removing the LPS & added CQ (30 µM), SAR (1 µM), Torin (1 µM), Rap (1 µM) for another 12 h. CTRL is blank control group with DMSO treatment. (B) Western blot analysis of iNOS in Raw 264.7 cells under LPS treatment. (C) Western blot analysis of p62 in Raw 264.7 cells under LPS treatment. (D) Raw 264.7 cells were treated LPS (200 ng/mL) for 12 h, then removed LPS added CHX (1 µg/mL) & autophagy related drugs for another 12 h. (E) Level of iNOS in Raw 264.7 cell after CHX treatment. (B–E) Values were analyzed from three individual experiments by GraphPad Prism, each experiment conducted three times. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Error bars (mean ± SEM). One-way ANOVA with Turkeys as post hoc tests. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31618870), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241682195.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Autophagic pathway regulates inflammasome activation in blood-derived monocytes stimulated with M. leprae. (A–C) Monocytes were purified from healthy donors’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells by 2-h adherence & stimulated with 10 µg/mL M. leprae (ML) in the presence or absence of autophagy regulators for 18 h. Autophagy was triggered with 200 ng/mL rapamycin (RP), & inhibited with 100 µM chloroquine (CQ, autophagic flux blocker) & 10 µM 3-methyladenine (3-MA). (A) Monocytes stimulated with M. leprae, RP, CQ, & 3-MA were fixed & stained with anti-NLRP3 (red), anti-LC3B (green) antibodies & DAPI (blue). Monocytes stimulated with M. leprae increase the number of LC3-II-decorated autophagosomes (puncta) per cell, which is reforced by RP addition, & reverted by 3-MA. Autophagy blocking with CQ & 3-MA was able to increase NLRP3 specks numbers per cell in relation to the well stimulated with M. leprae & RP. Immunofluorescence images were quantified & bars represent the mean values of the number of LC3 puncta & NLRP3 specks per cell ± SEM (n = 3). *(in relation to NS) or #(indicated by the dashes) p < 0.05. Scale bar: 10 µm. (B) Purified mRNAs from monocyte cultures stimulated with M. leprae, the autophagy blocker 3-MA, & RP, as a control of autophagy activation, were analyzed by RT-qPCR for LC3B & IL1B. Bars represent the mean of the fold change values in relation to the non-stimulated controls of three independent experiments with similar results. (C) The IL-1 beta , IL-6, & TNF levels in the monocyte cultures supernatants were assessed by ELISA. Bars represent the fold change values in relation to the non-stimulated controls ± SEM (n = 3). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29915584), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241554517.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Melatonin induced LC3 aggregation & conversion. a GFP-LC3 aggregation & conversion in U87MG cells stably expressing an exogenous fusion protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP) & microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3) (U87-GFP-LC3), after treatment with DMSO (control), rapamycin (RAP 200 nM), melatonin (MEL 1 mM) or agomelatine (AGO 2 μM) for 24 h (×40); b U87MG cells & c A172 cells treated with DMSO (control), rapamycin (RAP 200 nM), melatonin (MEL 1 mM), agomelatine (AGO 2 μM) & luzindole (LUZ 5 μM/L) for 24 h were fixed & analyzed for endogenous LC3 dots by immunofluorescence using anti-LC3 antibodies (green), DAPI (blue) staining shows the nuclei (×40). d Stable U87-GFP-LC3 cell lines & GFP in vector control. U87MG cells stably expressing an exogenous fusion protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP) & microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3) (U87-GFP-LC3) (×40) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31870319), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241612627.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Autophagy induction by atorvastatin in T24 human bladder cancer cells. (A) Immunocytochemistry for the co-localization of LC3 puncta (green) & Lysotracker (red, demarcation for the lysosome) after atorvastatin treatments (30 μM) for 24 h in T24 cells. Rapamycin treated T24 cells were the positive control of autophagy induction. 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was used for nucleus staining. Scale bar = 100 μm; (B) High magnification view of immunocytochemistry for the co-localization LC3 puncta (green) & Lysotracker after atorvastatin treatments (30 μM) for 24 h in T24 cells at the single-cell level. Scale bar = 50 μm; (C) Western blot analysis of autophagosome formation markers p62/SQSTM1, LC3-I & LC3-II in untreated (control) & atorvastatin (30 μM) treated T24 cells. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/15/5/8106), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415541929.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Increased LC3B-positive puncta correlated positively with vascular remodeling during AngII-induced hypertension. (A) Western blot analysis of LC3B-II expression in aortas from sham or AngII-infused mice at different time points after operation. **P < 0.01 vs. the corresponding sham group, Student's t-test. n = 10 mice/group. (B) Representative immunofluorescence staining of LC3B (green) & alpha -SMA (red) in thoracic aorta section. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bars, 20 µm. (C) Quantification of LC3B puncta. Five random fields (2,500 µm2/filed) were measured in one section. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. **P < 0.01 vs. sham, n = 12 sections from six mice per group. (D-G) Structural parameters of mouse aorta from sham & hypertensive mice. WD, wall diameter; LD, lumen diameter; CSA, cross-sectional area. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. the corresponding sham group, Student's t-test. n = 10 mice/group. (H) Correlation between changes in LC3B puncta & CSA values. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32226533), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241555241.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Representative images of the variation of LC3 staining associated with cavities in SDH activity & mitochondrial COX-1 staining in PAD gastrocnemius muscle sections. First column shows succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity (dark fibers are type I, intermediate fibers are type IIa, & light fibers are type IIa/x), second column shows mitochondrial COX-1 protein (green), third column shows LC3 (red) & fourth column shows COX-1 & LC3 merged. Examples of normal fibers with no LC3 staining or COX-1 cavities (rowA), punctate LC3 staining where a COX-1 cavitiy is forming (row B), elevated LC3 staining with low COX-1 staining (rowC), LC3 accumulation in areas lacking COX-1 staining (row D), & LC3 plaque in the center of an SDH/COX1 cavity (COX-1; rowE). Arrows within the same row point to areas of LC3 accumulation in same fiber. Scale bar = 100 µM Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27687713), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-3102024168218.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Vps34 inhibition blocks autophagy initiation & causes accumulation of ubiquitin-positive & p62-positive structures. a Representative confocal images of cortical neurons treated with vehicle, Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) at 50 nM, VPS34IN1 at 3 µM or cotreated for 3 h. Arrows highlight LC3 & p62 structures. Right panel, bar graphs denote average object intensity, per cell (mean ± SEM, N = 49-60 cells, from three independent experiments). Scale bar, 10 µm. ***p < 0.001 in one-way ANOVA, Holm–Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. b Representative confocal images of cortical neurons treated as in a & immunostained for LAMP-1, LC3, & p62. Airyscan insets highlight position of LC3 & p62 structures relative to LAMP-1-positive membranes. Scale bar, 10 µm. c Representative confocal images of cultured cortical neurons treated with vehicle or VPS34IN1 at 3 µM for 24 h. Arrows highlight p62 & ubiquitin colocalization. Scale bar, 10 µm Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02533-w), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-3102024155521.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Mechanistic analysis of autophagic inhibition in ATO-treated HepG2. a The viability of HepG2 & NB4 cells after incubation with ATO at various concentrations for 48 h (n = 3; error bars are s.d.). Upper: Confocal images of NB4 or HepG2 cells after being stained with calcein AM. Scale bars: 10 μm. b The viability of HepG2 & NB4 cells after incubation with CQ, ATO, or CQ–ATO mixture for 48 h (n = 3). ##P < 0.01 by t-test, significantly different from ATO. ns not significant. c Immunoblots of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, p62 (left); semi-quantified analysis (n = 3) in NDs, ATO, or NDs–ATO mixture-treated cells (right). GAPDH was used as the loading control. Normalized band densities were shown below each band. d Cell viability & Caspase-3 activity after incubation with ATO or NDs–ATO mixture for 48 h (n = 3). ##P < 0.01 by t-test, significantly different from ATO. e Immunostaining of LC3 in NDs, ATO, or NDs–ATO mixture-treated cells (left). Scale bar: 20 μm. TEM images of ATO or NDs–ATO mixture-treated cells (right). Scale bars: 1 μm. Typical structures of autophagosomes induced by ATO & autolysosome containing NDs induced by NDs–ATO mixture are indicated with green or blue arrows, respectively (magnification). Vacuoles inside cells are indicated with red arrows (magnification). Scale bars: 500 nm. Error bars are s.d. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341298), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415525276.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Rop-DPRL impairs autophagy. (A) Fluorescent images of GFP-LC3-HeLa cells treated with 1.5 mM ropivacaine for 0-24 h, or starvation for 0-24 h, & stained with 75 nM LysoTracker Red. Scale bar = 5 µm. (B) Western blot & (C) statistical results of P62, immature & mature cathepsin D (CathD), LC3I, LC3II, & beta -actin. HeLa cells were treated with ropivacaine or starvation for 0-24 h. (D) Western blot & (E) statistical results of P62, LC3I, LC3II, & beta -actin. HeLa cells were treated with PBS, CQ (50 µM), ropivacaine, or CQ+Rop for 24 h. (F) Fluorescent images of GFP-LC3-HeLa cells treated with empty liposome or Rop-DPRL for 24 h & stained with 75 nM LysoTracker Red. Scale bar = 5 μm. (G,I, K & M) Western blot & (H,J,L & N) statistical results for P62, LC3I, LC3II & beta -actin. Cells were treated with empty liposome, CQ, Rop-DPRL, starvation or indicated combination for 24 h. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns = no significant difference, Rop: ropivacaine, starv: starvation. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32308756), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241682123.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - PERK pathway-independent induction of prosurvival autophagy in KG1 LSC-like cells upon G9a inhibition. a, LC3-I/II & p62 expression, analyzed by western blotting, after cell treatment with BIX-01294 (15 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) for 24 h. b, Confocal microscopy images of GFP-LC3-transfected cells after treatment with BIX-01294 (5 μmol/L). c, Apoptotic fractions, measured using flow cytometry, after cell treatment with BIX-01294 (15 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (5 mmol/L) or BafA1 (2 nmol/L) for 48 h. d, Protein expression, analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies, after treatment of PERK siRNA-transfected & non-transfected cells with BIX-01294 (15 μmol/L) for 48 h. e, Protein expression, analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies, after cell treatment with BIX-01294 (10 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of GSK2606414 (20 μmol/L) for 48 h. f, Protein expression, analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies, after treatment of NRF2 siRNA-transfected & non-transfected cells with BIX-01294 (10 μmol/L) for 48 h. g, Levels of apoptosis, evaluated by flow cytometry, after cell treatment for 48 h with BIX-01294 (10 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 (10 μmol/L) or the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (5 mmol/L), or BafA1 (2 nmol/L). h, Levels of apoptosis, evaluated by flow cytometry, after treatment of PERK siRNA- or control siRNA-transfected cells with BIX-01294 (10 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of 3-MA (5 mmol/L) or BafA1 (2 nmol/L) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32293500), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415525287.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - TLR4 mediates Hsp70/Hsp90-induced catabolic response in myotubes. a Hsp70 & Hsp90-induced catabolic response in myotubes is dependent on TLR4. C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with siRNA as indicated. After differentiation, myotubes were treated with rHsp70 & rHsp90 & analyzed for catabolic response as described above. b LLC-released EVs induce muscle catabolism in C2C12 myotubes through TLR4. C2C12 myotubes with either TLR2 or TLR4 knockdown were treated with EVs isolated from LCM (AchE 6 mU) & analyzed for catabolic response. c CD9-positive EVs activate TLR4 in reporter cells. EVs isolated from LCM were subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) using an antibody against CD9 with pre-immune IgG as control. Resulting pellet & supernatant were used to treat TLR4 reporter cell line HEK-Blue hTLR4 for 24 h, & compared with original EVs. TLR4 activation was measured as SEAP activity. Data (n = 3) were analyzed by analysis of variance. * denotes a difference (P < 0.05) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00726-x), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415533814.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - cIAP2 & XIAP regulate autophagosome fusion, but not cIAP1.a MEFs expressing mCherry-GFP-LC3b were transfected with siRNA against either cIAP1, cIAP2 or XIAP. Cells were analysed with the microscope & the number of mCherry+, & GFP + puncta/cell were calculated & the ratio of GFP + /mCherry + puncta is indicated. Shown are the means & the error bars represent the SEM of at least three independent experiments. Westerns show efficient knockdown of cIAP1 & XIAP expression. cIAP2 siRNA efficiency was determined by real time PCR as shown in the graph below the westerns. b Wild type & cIAP2−/− XIAP−/− dermal fibroblasts expressing mCherry-GFP-LC3b were treated analysed on the microscope & mCherry+, & GFP + puncta/cell were calculated. The ratio of GFP+/mCherry + puncta is indicated. c Wild type & cIAP2−/− XIAP−/− dermal fibroblasts were left in complete media (CM) or starved for 2 h in EBSS. Cells were lysed & proteins analysed by western blot for XIAP, LC3, & Actin. cIAP2−/− was confirmed by PCR due to lack of effective antibodies for mouse cIAP2 (see supplemental Fig. 2). d Immunofluoresence showing accumulation of LC3 in starved cIAP2−/− XIAP−/− dermal fibroblasts. Wild type & cIAP2−/− XIAP−/− dermal fibroblasts were incubated in complete media or starved in EBSS for 2 h, then fixed & stained for LC3 (green channel) & LAMP2 (red channel). Nuclei are stained blue with Hoechst. Shown in upper panels are overviews. Lower panels show zoomed in regions indicated in the upper panels Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29743550), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415541921.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Enhanced mTORC2 signaling is sufficient to protect MSC from calcification. Flag-tagged rictor or green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a control were introduced into MSC by lentiviral transfer. Cells were cultured for 21 days under control conditions, with osteoblast induction medium (OM) & vehicle, or OM & 20 nM Rapa as indicated. (A) Western blot analyses of rictor & flag confirming overexpression of rictor due to gene transfer, downstream targets of the two mTOR complexes (mTORC1: pp70-S6KSer389; mTORC2: pAKTSer473), inhibition of autophagy (LC3B II, p62), cellular senescence (p16INK4a), & apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2: negative regulator of apoptosis; cleaved caspase 3 (cl casp 3): executioner caspase). Representative western blots from six independent experiments are shown. For densitometric quantification, band intensities were normalized to GAPDH as a loading control. Control (no OM) was set to 1. (B) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in cell culture supernatants normalized to total protein concentrations was determined to quantify cell death. Control was set to 1. (C) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity normalized to total protein concentrations was measured after 7 days of incubation. (D) Calcium deposition was quantified with the ortho-cresolphthalein method & normalized to total protein concentrations. Bars represent mean + SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Numbers of independent experiments are indicated at the bottom of each graph. (E) Alizarin red S staining of calcium deposits. Representative experiment out of six, phase contrast microscopy, original magnification x200, scale bar = 100 µm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31882658), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415523919.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Autophagy induction by atorvastatin in T24 human bladder cancer cells. (A) Immunocytochemistry for the co-localization of LC3 puncta (green) & Lysotracker (red, demarcation for the lysosome) after atorvastatin treatments (30 μM) for 24 h in T24 cells. Rapamycin treated T24 cells were the positive control of autophagy induction. 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was used for nucleus staining. Scale bar = 100 μm; (B) High magnification view of immunocytochemistry for the co-localization LC3 puncta (green) & Lysotracker after atorvastatin treatments (30 μM) for 24 h in T24 cells at the single-cell level. Scale bar = 50 μm; (C) Western blot analysis of autophagosome formation markers p62/SQSTM1, LC3-I & LC3-II in untreated (control) & atorvastatin (30 μM) treated T24 cells. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/15/5/8106), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415532040.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - OSI induces autophagy by activating LKB1/AMPK signaling in CRC cells.a Immunoblotting analysis of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (Thr172) & LC3 levels in CRC cells treated with indicated concentration of OSI for 24 h. b Immunohistochemistry analysis of AMPK phosphorylation levels in xenograft tissues. Scale bar, 50 μm. c Relative intensity of phosphorylated AMPK staining in (b). d CRC cells were transfected with siScramble or siAMPK for 24 h & followed by treatment with or without 5 μM for another 24 h. LC3 & phosphorylated AMPK (Thr172) levels were detected by immunoblotting. e CRC cells were transfected with empty vector or DN-AMPK plasmid for 24 h, followed by treatment with or without 5 μM OSI for another 24 h. LC3 & AMPK phosphorylation levels were determined by immunoblotting. f CRC cells were treated as in (d), the endogenous LC3 puncta in CRC cells were assessed by immunofluorescence. Scale bar, 10 μm. g The number of LC3 puncta per cell in (f). h CRC cells were treated as in (e), the endogenous LC3 puncta in CRC cells were assessed by immunofluorescence, Scale bar, 10 μm. i The number of LC3 puncta per cell in (h). j Immunoblotting analysis of phosphorylated LKB1 & phosphorylated CaMKK beta levels in CRC cells treated with or without 5 μM OSI. Data are presented as mean SEM, Student’s t-test, & are representative of three independent experiments. ***P < 0.001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409796), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415532067.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-2220] - Cathepsin inhibitors promote neuronal survival after glucose reperfusion (GR).After 3 h GD, neuro2a cells were replaced by 20; pepstatin A (PA, 10 uM), leupeptin (Leu, 10 uM) or both (PA+Leu). (A) Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. MTT mitochondrial reduction was shown as a relative percentage of the MTT values at the indicated time point (3 h GD/48 h GR) from three independent experiments ± SD (*p<0.05, **p<0.001). (B) Changes of protein level by cathepsin inhibitors were analyzed by immunoblot analysis. Proteins from cell lysates were fractionated on SDS-PAGE; blots were probed with anti-LC3, anti-p62, anti-cleaved caspase-3, & anti-PARP antibodies. Tubulin was used as loading control. (C) The graphs represent relative band density of each protein shown in (B). The amount of each protein was normalized against the amount of tubulin. Data represent the mean ± SD (*p<0.05, n = 3). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076466), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-2220_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241553712.jpg)
![Analysis of LC3B in HeLa cells using anti-LC3B antibody (red) [Catalog # NB600-1384]. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB600-1384-img0033.jpg)
![Analysis of LC3B in treated U87-MG (human glioblastoma astrocytoma) lysates using anti- [Catalog # NB600-1384].](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NB600-1384-img0027.jpg)
![Staining of treated U373-MG (human glioblastoma) cells using anti- [Catalog # NB600-1384].](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB600-1384-img0030.jpg)
![Analysis of U87MG glioma xenografts using anti- [Catalog # NB600-1384]. Image from verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB600-1384-img0023.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Assesment of functional basal autophagy in vitro(A) Immunoblotting of LC3B & p62 upon pharmacological autophagy inhibition. A dose-dependent increase of LC3B & p62 was observed with increasing concentrations of chloroquine. (B) Immunofluorescence of LC3B & p62 upon pharmacological autophagy inhibition. I. In CC cell lines HT-29 & II. LoVo a dose-dependent increase of LC3B & p62 was observed with increasing concentrations of chloroquine. (C) Electron microscopy of CC cell lines pharmacological autophagy inhibition. I-III. In CC cell line HT-29 a dose-dependent increase of cytoplasmic vesicles was observed with increasing concentrations of CQ. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28903368), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415384116.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Phosphorylation of AKT & mTOR decreases after treatment with gemcitabine (GCB)A LM7, CCH-OS-D, & K7M3 osteosarcoma cells were treated with 1μM GCB & cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies for AKT, mTOR, p-AKT, & p-mTOR. beta -actin was used as a loading control. Densitometry was performed using ImageJ. B. & C. Following treatment with GCB, lysates were analyzed using the Human Phospho Kinase Antibody Array. The phosphorylation levels of AKT, mTOR, PRAS40, p70S6K, JNK, AMPK, & ERK were evaluated. Densitometry was performed using Image J. Values were graphed as relative fold change. Means ± standard deviation of three independent experiments are shown. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.20308), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202415304227.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Autophagy decreases during striatal development. (A) Representative Western blot images for LC3B, p62, DARPP32, & actin. Quantification of (B) LC3B-ii relative to actin, (C) LC3B-ii relative to LC3B-i, (D) p62 relative to actin normalized to P120 values. Data analyzed with one-way ANOVA; (B) Age: F(4,21) = 6.526, p = 0.0014; (C) Age: F(4,22) = 3.797, p = 0.0171; (D) Age: F(4,15) = 3.762, p = 0.0260. *p 0.01); (b) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA were starved by HBSS for 3 h & then treated with rapamycin (1 μM) for 12 h. Flow cytometry was performed for measuring the ROS level by a DCFH-DA probe in indicated cells. Rap, rapamycin. (n = 3, *P 0.01); (c) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA & then starved by HBSS for 3 h. ATP levels were detected by ATP Assay Kit (n = 3, *P > 0.01); (d) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were pretreated with NAC (2 mM) & then starved by HBSS for 3 h. LC3-I/II, NIS, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K & p70S6K levels were assayed by Western blot; (e) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA were starved by HBSS for 3 h & then treated with rapamycin (1 μM) for 12 h. LC3-I/II, NIS, p-mTOR & mTOR levels were assayed by Western blot. Rap, rapamycin Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31331356), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241617143.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Serum starvation induces autophagy & apoptosis in endothelial cells.A Evaluation by Hoechst 33342 & propidium iodide (HO/PI) staining of apoptosis & necrosis in HUVECs exposed to normal medium (N) or serum-starved (SS) for 4 h. P values obtained by unpaired t test. n = 10 for each condition. Scale bar = 25 μm. B Quantification of caspase-3 activity in HUVECs exposed to N or SS HUVECs for 1, 2, 3, & 4 h. P values obtained by one-way ANOVA. n = 4 for each condition. C Immunoblot & densitometric analysis of PARP, LC3, & SQSTM1/p62 in HUVECs exposed to N or SS for 1, 2, or 4 h. beta -actin (ACTB) was used as a loading control. P values obtained by unpaired t test (*P 0.01, **P > 0.01); (d) Dynamic uptaking: FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA & starved by HBSS for 3 h. Indicated cells were cultured with 175 KBq 131I for 5, l0, 20, 30, 60, 90 & 120 min. The uptake of 131I in indicated cells was detected by a gamma counter; (e) Radionuclide uptaking: FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA in the presence or absence of 3-MA (10 mM) treatment for 1 h & then starved by HBSS for 3 h. After 1-h incubating with 131I, the uptake of 131I in indicated cells was detected by a gamma counter (n = 3, *P 0.01); (f) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA were starved by HBSS for 3 h & then treated with rapamycin (1 μM) for 12 h. After 1-h incubating with 131I, the uptake of 131I in indicated cells was detected by a gamma counter. Rap, rapamycin. (n = 3, *P 0.01) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31331356), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202416161815.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - ROS was sufficient for inducing HMGB1 translocation & enhancing autophagy (a) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were pretreated with the antioxidant (NAC, 2 mM) for 1 h & then starved by HBSS for 3 h. ROS production was assessed by measuring the fluorescent intensity of DCF on a fluorescent plate reader. Incremental production of ROS was expressed as a percentage of control (n = 3, *P 0.01); (b) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA were starved by HBSS for 3 h & then treated with rapamycin (1 μM) for 12 h. Flow cytometry was performed for measuring the ROS level by a DCFH-DA probe in indicated cells. Rap, rapamycin. (n = 3, *P 0.01); (c) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA & then starved by HBSS for 3 h. ATP levels were detected by ATP Assay Kit (n = 3, *P > 0.01); (d) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were pretreated with NAC (2 mM) & then starved by HBSS for 3 h. LC3-I/II, NIS, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K & p70S6K levels were assayed by Western blot; (e) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA were starved by HBSS for 3 h & then treated with rapamycin (1 μM) for 12 h. LC3-I/II, NIS, p-mTOR & mTOR levels were assayed by Western blot. Rap, rapamycin Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31331356), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202416182641.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Fucoxanthin activated autophagy after TBI.(A) Representative images of immunofluorescence for LC3 surrounding the injured cortex. LC3 punctate dots were observed in the cytoplasm by immunofluorescent staining of LC3 (red). Neuron cells & nuclei are labeled with NeuN (green) & DAPI (blue), respectively. Magnification: 40 x. Scale bar: 50 mm. (B) Mice brain tissues were collected 1 day after TBI in different groups, & the expression of LC3, Beclin-1 & p62 was measured by western blot. Fucoxanthin treatment significantly increased the level of LC3-II & Beclin-1 while decreasing the level of p62 after TBI. (C) 3-MA (400 nM) was injected i.c.v. 30 min before TBI. Mice were then subjected to TBI & treatment of fucoxanthin 30 min after TBI. Pretreatment with 3-MA significantly attenuated fucoxanthin-induced activation of autophagy & suppression of apoptosis & oxidative stress in the ipsilateral cortex. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6 per group; **p 0.01, **P > 0.01); (d) Dynamic uptaking: FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA & starved by HBSS for 3 h. Indicated cells were cultured with 175 KBq 131I for 5, l0, 20, 30, 60, 90 & 120 min. The uptake of 131I in indicated cells was detected by a gamma counter; (e) Radionuclide uptaking: FTC-133/TPC-1 cells were transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA in the presence or absence of 3-MA (10 mM) treatment for 1 h & then starved by HBSS for 3 h. After 1-h incubating with 131I, the uptake of 131I in indicated cells was detected by a gamma counter (n = 3, *P 0.01); (f) FTC-133/TPC-1 cells transfected with HMGB1 shRNA & control shRNA were starved by HBSS for 3 h & then treated with rapamycin (1 μM) for 12 h. After 1-h incubating with 131I, the uptake of 131I in indicated cells was detected by a gamma counter. Rap, rapamycin. (n = 3, *P 0.01) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31331356), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241616376.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Metformin treatment increases cisplatin effects; (A) MDA-MB-231 & Ca Ski cells were either left untreated or treated with metformin or cisplatin alone or metformin in combination with cisplatin for 15 days. At the end of the treatment, cells were processed to obtain whole cell lysates. MAP1LC3B, pPRKAA2Thr172, PRKAA2 & CASP3 (cleaved) expression was determined by Western blot. ACTB was used as loading control. Densitometric analysis of the gels was performed as described under Materials & Methods; (B) MDA-MB-231 & Ca Ski cells were either left untreated or treated with metformin or cisplatin alone or metformin in combination with cisplatin for 15 days. Ammonia level in the culture medium was measured as indicated in the Material & Methods section. # Significantly different from treatment with metformin alone. All experiments in this figure were repeated three times. * Significantly different from control untreated cells. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30646605), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241618938.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Autophagy & the proteasome regulate CagA stability. (A) Wild-type (WT) & autophagy-deficient (Atg5−/−) MEFs were infected with a CagA+ vacA− isogenic mutant strain (MOI 100) for 8 hours using a gentamycin protection assay. The autophagy marker LC3-II was used to confirm that Atg5−/− MEFs are autophagy-deficient. CagA protein levels were measured by Western blotting using beta -actin as loading control. Graph shows fold change of CagA normalized to beta -actin relative to WT MEFs (mean + SEM; n = 4). (B) AGS cells were infected with a CagA+ vacA− isogenic mutant strain (MOI 50) for 19 hours using a gentamycin protection assay. MG132 (5 μM) was added during the 14-hour low-dose gentamycin incubation. DMSO was used as a vehicle control. CagA protein levels were measured by Western blotting using beta -actin as loading control. Graph shows fold change of CagA normalized to beta -actin relative to vehicle control (mean + SEM; n = 6). (C) AGS cells were infected with a CagA+ vacA− isogenic mutant strain (MOI 50) for 24 hours using a gentamycin protection assay. Lactacystin (10 μM) was added during the 19-hour low-dose gentamycin incubation. Water was used as a vehicle control. CagA protein levels were measured by Western blotting using beta -actin as loading control. Graph shows fold change of CagA normalized to beta -actin relative to vehicle control (mean + SEM; n = 5). Relevant gel bands were cropped from the original blots. Dotted line indicates slicing of two regions together from the same blot. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30631092), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202416173533.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Vps34 activity is required for maintaining LC3B-ii levels at P10 & mTOR inhibition increases p-Beclin-1 & LC3B-ii levels at P28. (A) Representative Western blot images for actin, DARPP32 & LC3B-i & -ii in striatal slices obtained from P10 or P28 mice, treated with SAR405 (1 μM) or vehicle (Veh; DMSO, 0.1%). (B,C) Quantification of LC3B-ii relative to actin, normalized to vehicle condition at each age. (B) P10: unpaired, two-tailed t-test, t11 = 2.985, p = 0.0124; P28: unpaired, two-tailed t-test, t24 = 1.807, p = 0.0922. P10: Veh: n = 6 slices, SAR405 n = 7 slices from 3 to 4 mice/age. (C) P28: Veh: n = 9 slices, Baf n = 7 slices from 3 to 4 mice/age. *p 0.05 versus untreated group). C. Morphological features of NB4 cells that were treated with ATRA (1 μM) or HMGB1 (1 μg/ml) was determined by Wright-Giemsa staining & visualized by light microscopy (100X magnification). D. Differentiation of NB4 cells treated with ATRA (1 μM) or HMGB1 (10 μg/ml) for 6-48 h was examined by NBT reduction & surface CD11b expression in comparison to the control (DMSO) (n=3, *P<0.05 versus ATRA group). E. Expression of PML-RAR alpha , P62 & LC3-I/II in NB4 cells treated with ATRA (1 μM) or HMGB1 (10 μg/ml) for 48 h was assayed by western blotting & co-immunoprecipitation in comparison to control (DMSO). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.15432), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202416171499.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Zearalenone (ZEN) induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress & autophagy in HepG2 cells. mRNA level & protein expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) & Western blot analysis, respectively. (A) The protein expression level of GRP78 was measured in cells treated with ZEN for 1 h. (B) The phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha was evaluated in cells treated with ZEN for 2 h. (C) CHOP mRNA levels, (D) Beclin1 mRNA levels, & (E) LC3-II mRNA levels were determined in cells treated with ZEN for 4 h. (F) The protein expression level of LC3-II/LC3-I was examined in cells treated with ZEN for 24 h. Data represent mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. * indicates significant difference vs. the control (** p < 0.01, & *** p < 0.001). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31861425), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202416154612.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - ATRA induces autophagy in SKBR3 cells. (a) SKBR3 & MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells were treated either with 0.1 or 1 μM ATRA for 2 & 4 days, respectively. beta -Catenin & LC3B levels were measured by western blotting. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (b) LC3B-II quantification from at least three independent experiments. LC3B-II expression was normalized to GAPDH & to vehicle-treated SKBR3 cells. (c) beta -Catenin staining of SKBR3 & MDA-MB453 cells. Cells were control or ATRA (1 μM) treated for 2 days. beta -Catenin FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) & nuclear DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining as analyzed by confocal microscopy are shown. (d) Quantification of endogenous LC3B puncta. LC3B in SKBR3 & MDA-MB453 cells treated with 1 μM ATRA for 2 days. (e) LC3B-II western blotting & quantification of the autophagic activation upon treatment with 1 μM ATRA for 2 days in the presence or absence of BafA for 2 h at 200 nM. LC3B-II levels were normalized to GAPDH & to vehicle-treated SKBR3 cells. Standard deviations for five independent experiments are shown. (f) Long-lived protein degradation assay of SKBR3 & MDA-MB453 cells treated as in (e). Radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting of at least three independent experiments. Absolute proteolysis is shown. (g) Long-lived protein degradation assay of SKBR3 treated as in (e) & including treatment with the macroautophagy-specific inhibitor 3-MA (10 mM). Analysis as in (f). Mann–Whitney U-test: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 & ****P<0.0001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/cddis2015236), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241616052.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - CA1 Tg mice undergo mitochondrial stress. a WB analysis of extracts from 6-mo Wt & Tg mice CA1 (Wt, n = 6; Tg, n = 7), using antibodies against SIRT3, SOD2 & acetylated SOD2. b WB analysis of extracts from 12-mo Wt & Tg mice hippocampi (Wt, n = 5; Tg, n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). WB analysis of extracts from 6-mo Wt & Tg mice CA1 (Wt, n = 6; Tg, n = 5) (c), & from 12-mo Wt & Tg mice hippocampi (Wt, n = 5; Tg, n = 5) (d) for PINK1 & LC-3. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05. WB analysis of extracts from 6-mo WT & Tg mice CA1 (WT, n = 5; Tg, n = 6) (e), & from 12-mo WT & Tg mice hippocampi (WT, n = 5; Tg, n = 5) (f) for TFAM. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (*P < 0.05), **P < 0.01). Actin was used as loading control Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32131898), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241616181.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - ATRA induces autophagy in SKBR3 cells. (a) SKBR3 & MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells were treated either with 0.1 or 1 μM ATRA for 2 & 4 days, respectively. beta -Catenin & LC3B levels were measured by western blotting. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (b) LC3B-II quantification from at least three independent experiments. LC3B-II expression was normalized to GAPDH & to vehicle-treated SKBR3 cells. (c) beta -Catenin staining of SKBR3 & MDA-MB453 cells. Cells were control or ATRA (1 μM) treated for 2 days. beta -Catenin FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) & nuclear DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining as analyzed by confocal microscopy are shown. (d) Quantification of endogenous LC3B puncta. LC3B in SKBR3 & MDA-MB453 cells treated with 1 μM ATRA for 2 days. (e) LC3B-II western blotting & quantification of the autophagic activation upon treatment with 1 μM ATRA for 2 days in the presence or absence of BafA for 2 h at 200 nM. LC3B-II levels were normalized to GAPDH & to vehicle-treated SKBR3 cells. Standard deviations for five independent experiments are shown. (f) Long-lived protein degradation assay of SKBR3 & MDA-MB453 cells treated as in (e). Radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting of at least three independent experiments. Absolute proteolysis is shown. (g) Long-lived protein degradation assay of SKBR3 treated as in (e) & including treatment with the macroautophagy-specific inhibitor 3-MA (10 mM). Analysis as in (f). Mann–Whitney U-test: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 & ****P<0.0001 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/cddis2015236), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-310202416182623.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - Bmi‐1 deficiency aggravates cardiac hypertrophy & decreases autophagic flux. (A) Representative micrographs of paraffin‐embedded heart ventricular wall sections of 6‐week‐old Bmi‐1–/– mice & WT mice stained for haematoxylin‐eosin (H&E), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) & Masson's trichrome (Masson) staining. (B) Heart weight relative to body weight (HW/BW) & heart weight relative to tibia length (HW/TL). (C) The wall thickness of interventricular septum. (D) Myocyte cross‐sectional area from Bmi‐1–/– mice relative to WT mice. (E) Collagenous fibre area from Bmi‐1–/– mice relative to WT mice was counted with anterior wall staining for Masson. (F) Anp, Bnp, beta ‐MHC, c‐TnI & GATA4 mRNA levels in hearts by real‐time RT‐PCR, calculated as ratio to beta ‐actin mRNA & expressed relative to WT. (G) Western blots of cardiac tissue extracts & mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes (MECs) showing ANP, BNP, GATA4, LC3B & p16; beta ‐actin was the loading control. (H) Protein levels relative to beta ‐actin were assessed by densitometric analysis. (I) Representative micrographs of paraffin‐embedded heart sections immunohistochemical staining for ANP, BNP & GATA4. (J) The percentage of cells positive for ANP, BNP, GATA4 or positive area relative to total cells or area. (K) Representative micrographs of fluorescence with autophagy lentivirus transfection, with DAPI for nuclei. (L) Percentage of positive GFP dots or mRFP dots relative to total cells. (M) The number of autophagosomes & autolysosomes per cell. Six mice per group were used for experiments. Cell experiments were performed with three biological repetitions per group. Values are mean ± SEM from six determinations per group, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 compared with WT group, unpaired Student's t‐test Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35390228), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241618262.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - 8-Cl-Ado-induces autophagy. Immunoblot analysis of (A) phospho-ULK (Ser555) levels & (B) LC3B-I lipidation to form LC3B-II in MCF-7 & BT-474 cells treated with 10 μM of 8-Cl-Ado for the indicated times. (C) Fluorescent microscopy of MCF-7 & BT-474 cells transiently transfected with GFP-LC3B & treated with 10 μM of 8-Cl-Ado for 12-hours to assess aggregation of LC3B. (D) Immunoblot analysis of p62 levels in MCF-7 & BT-474 cells treated with 10 μM of 8-Cl-Ado for the indicated times. The normalized ratio of p62 to GAPDH relative to the untreated control is indicated beneath each lane. (E) Fluorescent microscopic imaging of autolysosomes. MCF-7 cells were untreated or treated for 2-days with 8-Cl-Ado or rapamycin. Cells were stained with MDC, blue, to visualize AVO & Syto 61 (DNA), red, for nuclei counterstaining. (F) Representative flow cytometery histograms of AVO stained with acridine orange in MCF-7 cells untreated or treated for 3 days with 50 nM rapamycin or 10 μM 8-Cl-Ado. Baf was added before 30 min prior to staining to neutralize AVO staining. (G) Quantification triplicate experiments of MCF-7 & BT-474 cells treated & analyzed as in E. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-8722-7-23), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241617525.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody - BSA Free [NB600-1384] - PB induces autophagy but blocks autophagosome trafficking & autophagosome-lysosome fusion in Hep3B cells.(A) Hep3B cells, HepG2 cells, & primary mouse hepatocytes treated w/ increasing concentrations of PB (6–2000 μg/mL) for 24 h; viable cells quantified using the MTT assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least 3 independent experiments. Bars = SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, control versus PB-treated cells. (B) Hep3B cells treated for 6, 24 & 48 h w/ indicated concentrations of PB. Levels of protein expression analysed by WB using antibodies against LC3B, p62/SQSTM1, ATG12, BECN1 & Actin. Images cropped from different blots run under the same experimental conditions. The original blots attached as Supplementary Figure 3A. (C) Hep3B cells transfected w/ GFP-LC3B treated w/ 240 μg/mL PB for 24 h & then observed under a confocal microscope. (D) Hep3B cells treated for 24 h w/ indicated concentrations of PB. Levels of protein expression analysed by WB using antibodies against phosphorylated & total mTOR, 4EBP1, & p70S6K1 as well as actin. Images cropped from different blots run under the same experimental conditions. The original blots attached as Supplementary Figure 3B. (E) Hep3B cells serum-starved overnight, & incubated w/ or w/out PB (240 μg/mL) for 6 h before stimulating w/ 20 ng/mL EGF for 20 min. EGFR protein levels analysed by confocal microscope. (F) Hep3B cells treated PB for 12, 24 or 48 h w/ indicated concentrations. Levels of protein expression analysed by WB using antibodies against EGFR & Actin. Images cropped from different blots run under the same experimental conditions in each panel. The original blots attached as Supplementary Figure 3C. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/srep41437), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb600-1384_rabbit-polyclonal-lc3b-antibody-31020241618948.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - PPM1H does not dephosphorylate Ser111 of Rab8A or key phosphorylation sites of AMPK & Akt signaling pathways.(A) HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with constructs expressing the indicated components. 24 hr post-transfection, cells were treated ±10 µM CCCP (Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine) for 3 hr to induce activation of the PINK1 kinase & trigger Rab8A phosphorylation at Ser111 (Lai et al., 2015). (B) As in (A) except cells were immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies that recognize key phosphorylation sites of AMPK & Akt signaling pathways. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31663853), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-31020241534312.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - PINK1 & Parkin are phosphorylated after a decrease in delta Ψm in mouse primary neurons. Neurons were infected with lentivirus encoding PINK1-Flag (A), wild-type HA-Parkin (B) or HA-Parkin with either the S65A or S65E mutation (C). Cells were treated with the mitochondrial uncoupler CCCP (30 μm) for 1–3 h & subjected to SDS-PAGE in the absence or presence of 50 μm phos-tag. Note that mobility does not reflect the molecular weight of proteins in phos-tag PAGE (Kinoshita et al. 15), & thus, molecular weight markers are not shown in the bottom gels. The red & black asterisks in (C) indicate phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser65 & an additional minor phosphorylation site, respectively. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23751051), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415384188.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - PINK1 translation is critical for the accumulation of PINK1 upon mitochondrial damage. aPINK1 mRNA levels were not altered by mitochondrial damage. HeLa cells were incubated with 10 μM CCCP or combination of 10 μM oligomycin & 4 μM antimycin for 2 h & then, PINK1 mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR. PINK1 mRNA level was normalized to the corresponding GAPDH levels & quantified as a percentage of control (n = 8, t-test). b, c Translation is involved in PINK1 accumulation upon CCCP treatment. HeLa cells were first pre-incubated with 100 μM cycloheximide (CHX) for 2 h & then washed. Cells were further incubated with 10 μM CCCP with or without CHX for 2 h (n = 4, two-way ANOVA). Values are mean ± SEM (n.s. = non-significant, ***p 1000 cells) & are shown as a percentage of control. Values are mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27456084), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415483619.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - Inhibition of endogenous miR-27a/b function increases human PINK1 expression. a Schematic diagram of sequence alignment of miR-27a/b & anti-miR-27a/b. Asterisks (*) indicate conserved nucleotides. b Inhibition of endogenous miR-27a/b function increased luciferase activities in HeLa cells. Cells were transfected with the reporter constructs containing the full-length 3′UTR of human PINK1 mRNA with wild-type (WT) or mutated (Mut) seed match sites downstream of Renilla luciferase gene. 48 h post-transfection, luciferase activities were measured (n = 4, t-test). c-f Inhibition of endogenous miR-27a/b increased PINK1 protein levels in HeLa (C-D) & M17 cells (E-F). Cells were transfected with 150 nM of anti-miR-27a/b or anti-control (anti-Ctl). 48 h post-transfection, cells were harvested for Western blot. PINK1 protein level was normalized to corresponding GAPDH level & quantified as a percentage of control (n = 4, t-test). Data are shown as a percentage of control. Values are mean ± SEM (n.s. = non-significant, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.00) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27456084), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482287.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - Regulation of PINK1 by miRNA. a Schematic diagram of AGO-specific RNA immunoprecipitation assay. b, cPINK1 mRNAs are associated with miRNA/RISC complex. HeLa cells were transfected with 50 nM of AGO2 siRNA or negative control. 48 h post-transfection, AGO2-bound mRNAs were pulled down from cell lysates with 2A8 anti-AGO2 antibody or non-specific IgG antibody. PINK1 mRNA levels were then measured by qRT-PCR. siRNA against AGO2 served as a quality control for AGO-specific RNA immunoprecipitation assay. PINK1 mRNA levels were quantified as a percentage of group 1 (n = 6, two-way ANOVA). d, e Knock-down of DICER1 increased PINK1 protein levels. HeLa cells were transfected with 50 nM DICER1 siRNA (DICER1 KD) or negative control (Ctl). 48 h post-transfection, cells were harvested for Western blot. The arrowhead indicates a full-length PINK1 band & the asterisk indicates a non-specific band. Each protein level was normalized to corresponding GAPDH level & quantified as a percentage of control (n = 4, t-test). Values are mean ± SEM (n.s. = non-significant, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27456084), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482296.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - The expression levels of microtubule protein light chain 3 (LC3B), PTEN inducing putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, cytochrome c oxidase 4 (COX4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), & nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B in lung tissues from animals with spontaneous breathing (CON) or mechanical ventilation at high tidal volume (HTV) with saline, antimycin A (AmA) or cyclosporine A (CsA). (A) Levels of PINK1, Parkin, & Mfn1 mRNA. (B) Levels of LC3B, PINK1, Parkin, & Mfn1 protein by Western blot. (C) Relative expression of LC3B-II/LC3B-I & PINK1 protein. (D) Relative expression of Parkin & Mfn1 protein. (E) Levels of TLR9 & COX4 mRNA. (F) Levels of MyD88 & nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) mRNA. (G) Levels of TLR9, COX4, MyD88, & NF-kappa B protein by Western blot. (H) Relative expression of TLR9 & COX4 protein. (I) Relative expression of MyD88 & NF-kappa B protein. Fold expression for target genes was normalized to that measured for the beta -actin gene. Both of these experiments were in triplicate. aP < 0.05 vs. CON group;bP < 0.05 vs. HTV group; & cP < 0.05 vs. AmA group. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01477/full), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415485118.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - Mitophagy contributes to removal of excess mitochondrial fragments in preeclampsia.(a, left panel) Representative TEM image of a cytotrophoblast from PTC & PE placenta collected at 29 weeks. Mitochondrial proximity to ER (MAM) is indicated by white arrows, mitochondrial fission events are depicted by white stars (scale bar: 500 nm; n = 8 separate PE placentae). (a, right panel) percentage of mitochondrial tethering to the ER in in PE vs. PTC (PE placentae, n = 8; PTC placentae, n = 7; unpaired Student’s t-test *P < 0.05). b Representative western blots for MFN2 & calreticulin in ER isolated from PE & PTC placentae (PE & PTC, n = 3 separate samples). c WB & associated densitometry of ASAH2 (normalized to TOM20) in mitochondria from PTC & PE placentae. d Representative TEM depicting mitophagy (white arrow) in cytotrophoblast cell from PE placenta (scale bar: 500 nm, n = 8 separate PE placentae). e Western blot & associated densitometry of PINK1 & Parkin in PE vs. PTC mitochondrial isolates. Densitometry for PINK1 blot was used to calculate the ratio of full-length PINK63kDa to cleaved PINK153kDa (PE & PTC, n = 4 separate placentae, *P < 0.05) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41419-018-0360-0), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482279.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - Deficiency or mutant PINK1 reduces phosphorylation of LETM1 at Thr192. a, b Proteins extracted from PINK1 WT or KO MEFs (a) or mouse brain (b) were subjected to IP with anti-LETM1, probed with pT192 & reprobed with anti-LETM1 by WB. c Proteins extracted from human fibroblast of control (Con) or a PINK1-Q456X patient (Q456X) were subjected to IP with anti-LETM1, probed with pT192 & reprobed with anti-LETM1 by WB. d HEK293 cells were transfected with Adtrack GFP control, AdPINK1-WT, & AdPINK1-Q456X mutant for 1 day. Endogenous LETM1 protein was isolated by IP with anti-LETM1, probed with pT192 & reprobed with anti-LETM1 by WB. e SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 25 µM rotenone for 8 or 16 h. Total cell lysates were either analyzed by WB with anti-PINK1, or subjected to IP with anti-LETM1, probed with pT192 & reprobed with anti-LETM1 antibodies by WB. All above experiments were replicated three times, respectively Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29123128), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482299.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - Polyphyllin I suppressed, & PINK1 knockdown further suppressed, tumor growth in a MDA-MB-231 xenograft modelA. Tumor volumes were measured every week & differed at the end of the treatment period (*P < 0.01 compared to shCon cells treated with PPI, ##P< 0.01 compared to shPINK1 cells treated with PPI). B. Representative image of tumors from each group. C. Body weight changes in mice during the 6 weeks of PPI treatment. There were no differences in body weights between the PPI-treated shCon & vehicle-treated shCon groups or between the PPI-treated shPINK1 group & shCon groups. D. Representative tumor tissues were sectioned & subjected to H&E staining, TUNEL assay, & immunohistochemistry staining for C-CASP3. Scale bars: 50 μm. E. Representative tumor tissues from each group were prepared & subjected to western blot using anti-DRP1, -PARK2, -LC3B, -PINK1, & -C-CASP3 antibodies. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.14413), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415483648.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - Corticosterone affects NIX-dependent mitophagy through decreasing PGC1 alpha in vivo.a–f Mice exposed to vehicle, corticosterone (10 mg/kg), corticosterone w/ phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA pretreatment, 200 μg/kg), or PMA alone for 7 days. a Slide samples for IHC immunostained w/ LAMP1 (green), TOMM20 (red), & DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 100 μm (magnification, ×200). n = 5. b The expressions of NIX, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), & BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) detected w/ WB where beta -actin used as a loading control. n = 5. c Slide samples for IHC immunostained w/ synpatophysin (green), PSD95 (red), & DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 100 μm (magnification, ×200). n = 5. d Synaptophysin & PSD95 detected by WB. Loading control is beta -actin. n = 5. e The mice subjected to Y-maze test to evaluate spatial memory function. n = 6. f The mice subjected to forced swim test to evaluate depression-like behavior. n = 5. g Vehicle or RU 486 (5 mg/kg) injected mice presented w//w/out corticosterone (10 mg/kg) for 3 days. The expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1 alpha ) & NIX visualized via WB. Loading control is beta -actin. n = 5. h The schematic model for mechanisms of inhibition in NIX-dependent mitophagy by glucocorticoid shown. All blots & IF images representative. n = 5 or 6 from each animal w/ two technical replicates each in results of IHC & WB. Quantitative data presented as a mean ± S.E.M. The representative images acquired by SRRF imaging system. Two-sided two-way ANOVA conducted except Fig. 8b, data of which analyzed by two-sided unpaired student’s t test. ** indicates p < 0.01 versus control & ## indicates p < 0.01 versus corticosterone, respectively. Data provided as a Source data file. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33473105), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482218.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - G-TPP activity is conserved in primary fibroblasts(A, C) Fibroblasts were treated with 15 µM G-TPP for the indicated time points. Cells were harvested & western blots were probed with antibodies against (A) PINK1, pS65-Ub & total Ub or (C) autophagy adapter proteins. GAPDH & Vinculin served as loading control. G-TPP treatment led to PINK1 stabilization & pS65-Ub induction in primary skin fibroblasts. p62 levels were induced upon G-TPP treatment, while other adapters seemed decreased. (B, D) Human fibroblasts were treated with 15 µM G-TPP for 16 h & fixed & stained with antibodies against (B) pS65-Ub (green) or (D) the autophagy adapters NBR1, NDP52, p62, OPTN & TAX1BP1 (green). Mitochondria were stained with antibodies against TOM20 (red), nuclei were visualized with Hoechst (blue). Scale bars indicate 10 µM. A magnified image of the boxed region, the fluorescence profile along the arrow & the Pearson’s correlation coefficient of adapter protein & mitochondrial stainingare shown to the right. Shown is the mean ± SEM of at least five randomly selected images (unpaired, two-sided t-test, ***p < 0.0005). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.22287), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482286.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - Polyphyllin I triggers PINK1/PARK2-dependent mitophagyA. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 8 μM PPI for different periods of time as indicated, & PARK2, P62, & ubiquitin (UB) levels in mitochondrial fractions were determined by western blot. B. Cells were cotransfected with GFP-UB & RFP-mito & treated with 8 μM PPI for 9 h, after which PARK2 (Alexa Fluor 405, pink) & P62 (Alexa Fluor 647, blue) immunostaining was detected using confocal microscopy. C. Cells cotransfected with GFP-UB & RFP-LC3 were treated with 8 μM PPI for 9 h, after which PARK2 (Alexa Fluor 405, pink) & TOMM20 (Alexa Fluor 647, blue) immunostaining was detected using confocal microscopy. Scale bars: 10 μm. D-E. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 8 μM PPI for different periods of time as indicated; whole-cell lysates were then separated on 8% SDS-PAGE gels & analyzed by western blot using the anti-PINK1 antibody. Relative full-length (∼63 kDa) & cleaved (∼52 kDa) PINK1 levels were quantified by densitometry & normalized to Tubulin. The results were expressed as a percentage of control, which was set at 100%. Data are presented as mean ± SD (*P< 0.01 vs. the control). F. Cells were treated with 8 μM PPI for different periods of time as indicated, & whole-cell lysates were then subjected to western blot analysis. G. Cells were treated with 8 μM PPI for 9 h, after which mitochondrial fractions were prepared & subjected to immunoprecipitation using anti-PINK1 antibody; associated PARK2 was detected using immunoblotting. H. RFP-mito-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 8 μM PPI for 9 h, & PINK1 (Alexa Fluor 488, green) & PARK2 (Alexa Fluor 405, pink) immunostaining were evaluated using confocal microscopy. Scale bars: 10 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.14413), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482214.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - miR-27a/b suppress human PINK1 expression. a Schematic diagram of the conserved target sites of miR-27a/b in the 3′UTR of human PINK1 mRNA. Seed sequences were indicated in red. Asterisks (*) indicate the conserved nucleotides. b Schematic diagram of the luciferase reporter plasmids. The reporter constructs contain the full-length 3′UTR of human PINK1 mRNA with wild-type (WT) or mutated (Mut) seed match sites downstream of Renilla luciferase gene. c Overexpression of miR-27a/b decreased luciferase activities in HeLa cells. Cells were transfected with miR-27a/b or negative control (Ctl) along with reporter constructs as indicated. 48 h post-transfection, luciferase activities were measured (n = 4, one-way ANOVA). Renilla luciferase activity was normalized to the corresponding firefly luciferase activity. d-g Overexpression of miR-27a/b decreased PINK1 protein levels in HeLa (D-E) & M17 cells (F-G). Cells were transfected with miR-27a/b or negative control (Ctl). 48 h post-transfection, cells were harvested for Western blot (n = 4, t-test). PINK1 protein level was normalized to corresponding GAPDH level & quantified as a percentage of control. Data are shown as a percentage of control. Values are mean ± SEM (n.s. = non-significant, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27456084), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415483618.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - Increased p62 expression is prevented in PINK1 knock‐down cells. (a) SH‐SY5Y cells expressing scrambled shRNA or PINK1 shRNA (117‐2, 118‐3, & 118‐4) were treated with 10 μM carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) for 24 h & full‐length (FL) PINK1 protein levels measured by western blot. No accumulation of FL PINK1 was observed in 118‐3 & 118‐4 PINK1 shRNA clones. (b) SH‐SY5Y cells constitutively expressing scrambled (scram) or PINK1 shRNA (clone 118‐3) were treated with vehicle or 10 μM CCCP for 24 h & p62 protein expression measured by western blotting. **p < 0.05 versus scram CCCP; n = 9. (c) SH‐SY5Y cells were incubated in serum‐free culture media for up to 24 h to induce starvation‐mediated macroautophagy. p62 protein levels were measured by western blotting. *p < 0.05 versus 0 h; **p < 0.01 versus 0 h; n = 4. (d) SH‐SY5Y cells were transfected with scrambled (scram) or p62 siRNA for 72 h. For the last 24 h, cells were treated with vehicle (ethanol) or 10 μM CCCP. p62 protein expression was then measured by western blotting. p62 protein was significantly decreased in p62 siRNA cells under basal conditions & following CCCP treatment, when compared to scram cells. **p < 0.01 versus scram vehicle or scram CCCP; n = 3. (e) Mitochondrial content was measured in SH‐SY5Y cells treated with scram or p62 siRNA for 72 h by measuring citrate synthase (CS) activity. For the last 24 h, cells were treated with vehicle or 10 μM CCCP & data are expressed as % of vehicle. *p < 0.05 versus scram CCCP treatment; n = 5. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26509433), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482278.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - NF kappa B upregulates human PINK1 gene expression. (A) NF kappa B increases the endogenous human PINK1 mRNA level. HEK293 cells were transfected with either the NF kappa B expression vector or empty vector pMTF. RT-PCRs were performed using either primers specific to the human PINK1 coding sequence or the human beta -actin coding sequence. (B) NF kappa B increases the endogenous human PINK1 protein levels. HEK293 cells transfected with NF kappa B were harvested 48 h after transfection for protein detection. Cell lysates were run on 10% glycine gel & images were collected by Licor. A significant increase of endogenous PINK1 was observed. (C) The endogenous human PINK1 protein level was dramatically increased by NF kappa B in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with NF kappa B p65 plasmids or the control vector pMTF & then harvested for protein detections. The human PINK1 protein & its proteolysis products ∆1-PINK1 (55kD) & ∆2-PINK1 (45kD) were all increased. beta -actin acted as the internal control. (D) LPS treatment facilitated PINK1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were harvested after being treated for 16 h & then subjected to Western blot. The human beta -actin level was served as a control. Quantification was performed by Image J software. Values indicate means ± SEM. n = 3, *p <0.01 by Student’s t-test. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25108683), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415485116.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - G-TPP induces PINK1 stabilization & kinase activity in HeLa cells(A) G-TPP treatment leads to PINK1 stabilization & pS65-Ub induction in HeLa cells. HeLa cells stably expressing untagged Parkin were treated with 10 µM G-TPP for the indicated times. Western blots were prepared with cell lysates & probed with antibodies against PINK1 & pS65-Ub. GAPDH served as a loading control. (B) pS65-Ub is induced in G-TPP treated cells & co-localizes with EGFP-Parkin & mitochondria. HeLa cells stably expressing EGFP-Parkin (green) were treated with 10 µM G-TPP for the indicated times & fixed. Cells were stained with antibodies against pS65-Ub (red) & the mitochondrial marker TOM20 (cyan). Scale bars correspond to 10 µM. (C) Quantification of Parkin translocation using High Content Imaging. HeLa EGFP-Parkin cells were treated for 4 or 8 h with or without 10 µM G-TPP. CCCP treatment (10 µM for 2 h) was used as a positive control. Cells were fixed, counterstained with Hoechst dye to visualize nuclei, imaged & analyzed using the ratio of cytoplasmic to nuclear EGFP signal [21]. Data was normalized to positive (2 h 10 µM CCCP treatment) & negative (2 h DMSO) controls. G-TPP significantly induced Parkin re-localization to levels similar to or beyond 2 h CCCP treatment. Shown are the mean values of three independent experiments with triplicate wells each ± SEM (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posthoc, ***p < 0.0005). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.22287), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-31020241548369.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - NF kappa B upregulates human PINK1 gene expression. (A) NF kappa B increases the endogenous human PINK1 mRNA level. HEK293 cells were transfected with either the NF kappa B expression vector or empty vector pMTF. RT-PCRs were performed using either primers specific to the human PINK1 coding sequence or the human beta -actin coding sequence. (B) NF kappa B increases the endogenous human PINK1 protein levels. HEK293 cells transfected with NF kappa B were harvested 48 h after transfection for protein detection. Cell lysates were run on 10% glycine gel & images were collected by Licor. A significant increase of endogenous PINK1 was observed. (C) The endogenous human PINK1 protein level was dramatically increased by NF kappa B in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with NF kappa B p65 plasmids or the control vector pMTF & then harvested for protein detections. The human PINK1 protein & its proteolysis products ∆1-PINK1 (55kD) & ∆2-PINK1 (45kD) were all increased. beta -actin acted as the internal control. (D) LPS treatment facilitated PINK1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were harvested after being treated for 16 h & then subjected to Western blot. The human beta -actin level was served as a control. Quantification was performed by Image J software. Values indicate means ± SEM. n = 3, *p <0.01 by Student’s t-test. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25108683), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482277.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - NF kappa B upregulates human PINK1 gene expression. (A) NF kappa B increases the endogenous human PINK1 mRNA level. HEK293 cells were transfected with either the NF kappa B expression vector or empty vector pMTF. RT-PCRs were performed using either primers specific to the human PINK1 coding sequence or the human beta -actin coding sequence. (B) NF kappa B increases the endogenous human PINK1 protein levels. HEK293 cells transfected with NF kappa B were harvested 48 h after transfection for protein detection. Cell lysates were run on 10% glycine gel & images were collected by Licor. A significant increase of endogenous PINK1 was observed. (C) The endogenous human PINK1 protein level was dramatically increased by NF kappa B in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with NF kappa B p65 plasmids or the control vector pMTF & then harvested for protein detections. The human PINK1 protein & its proteolysis products ∆1-PINK1 (55kD) & ∆2-PINK1 (45kD) were all increased. beta -actin acted as the internal control. (D) LPS treatment facilitated PINK1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were harvested after being treated for 16 h & then subjected to Western blot. The human beta -actin level was served as a control. Quantification was performed by Image J software. Values indicate means ± SEM. n = 3, *p <0.01 by Student’s t-test. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25108683), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-31020241548363.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody - BSA Free [BC100-494] - G-TPP leads to recruitment of autophagy adapters & degradation of mitochondria(A) HeLa cells stably expressing untagged Parkin were treated with 10 µM G-TPP for 8 h. Western blots were prepared from cell lysates & probed with antibodies against LC3, phospho-TBK1 (Ser172) & TBK1. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Upon 8 h the levels of LC3-I & LC3-II were both increased. At 8 h after treatment with G-TPP but not at 4 or 24 h, TBK1 was phosphorylated. (B) HeLa cells stably expressing EGFP-Parkin were treated with 10 µM G-TPP & fixed 8 h after treatment. Cells were stained with antibodies against the autophagy adapter proteins NBR1, NDP52, OPTN, p62, & TAX1BP1 (red). Mitochondria were counterstained with TOM20 antibodies (cyan), nuclei with Hoechst (blue). EGFP-Parkin epifluorescence is shown in green. Scale bar corresponds to 10 µM. (C) HeLa cells stably expressing EGFP-Parkin & the reporter protein mitoKeima were treated with 10 µM CCCP or G-TPP & imaged over time. The ratio of ‘neutral’ mitoKeima to ‘acidic’ mitoKeima was calculated as readout for mitophagy. Parkin translocation was monitored at the same time. Values for Parkin translocation & mitophagy were normalized to 12 h treatment with 10 µM CCCP as positive control & DMSO as negative control (two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.22287), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-310202415482225.jpg)
![Western Blot: Rabbit Polyclonal PINK1 Antibody [BC100-494] - PINK1 detection in mouse and postmortem human cortex samples. 1:1000 dilution at 4 degrees overnight to detect endogenous PINK1 from mouse and postmortem human cortex samples (10 ug total protein). Image from a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/antibody/bc100-494_rabbit-polyclonal-pink1-antibody-western-blot-231202510057..jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - The effects of a high calcium/phosphate diet, of 1,25(OH)2D3, and of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressive genes in 1alpha(OH)ase -/- mice. Mice from each group were treated as described in Figure 1. Representative micrographs of skin sections stained immunohistochemically for SOD2 and gamma-H2AX. Scale bars represent 50 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/acel.12951), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SOD2-Mn-SOD-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-1992-img0013.jpg "<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Immunohistochemistry: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - The effects of a high calcium/phosphate diet, of 1,25(OH)2D3, and of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressive genes in 1alpha(OH)ase -/- mice. Mice from each group were treated as described in Figure 1. Representative micrographs of skin sections stained immunohistochemically for SOD2 and gamma-H2AX. Scale bars represent 50 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/acel.12951), licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - Analysis using Rabbit Anti-SOD (Mn) Polyclonal Antibody. Tissue: HeLa Cells. Species: Human. Fixation: 2% Formaldehyde for 20 min at RT. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-SOD (Mn) Polyclonal Antibody at 1:120 for 12 hours at 4 degrees C. Secondary Antibody: R-PE Goat Anti-Rabbit (yellow) at 1:200 for 120 min at RT. Counterstain: DAPI (blue) nuclear stain at 1:40000 for 120 min at RT. Localization: Mitochondrion matrix. Magnification: 100x. (A) DAPI (blue) nuclear stain. (B) Anti-SOD (Mn) Antibody. (C) Composite.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SOD2-Mn-SOD-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-1992-img0010.jpg)
![Western Blot: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - Western blot analysis of Rat Tissue lysates showing detection of SOD2/Mn-SOD protein using Rabbit Anti-SOD2/Mn-SOD Polyclonal Antibody (NB100-1992). Load: 15 ugprotein. Block: 1.5% BSA for 30 minutes at RT. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-SOD2/Mn-SOD Polyclonal Antibody (NB100-1992) at 1:1000 for 2 hours at RT. Secondary Antibody: Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG: HRP for 1 hour at RT.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SOD2-Mn-SOD-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-1992-img0016.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - Analysis using Rabbit Anti-SOD (Mn) Polyclonal Antibody. Tissue: HeLa Cells. Species: Human. Fixation: 2% Formaldehyde for 20 min at RT. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-SOD (Mn) Polyclonal Antibody at 1:120 for 12 hours at 4 degrees C. Secondary Antibody: APC Goat Anti-Rabbit (red) at 1:200 for 120 min at RT. Counterstain: DAPI (blue) nuclear stain at 1:40000 for 120 min at RT. Localization: Mitochondrion matrix. Magnification: 20x. (A) DAPI (blue) nuclear stain. (B) Anti-SOD (Mn) Antibody. (C) Composite.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SOD2-Mn-SOD-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-1992-img0012.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - Immunohistochemistry analysis using Rabbit Anti-SOD2/Mn-SOD Polyclonal Antibody (NB100-1992). Tissue: backskin. Species: Mouse. Fixation: Bouin's Fixative Solution. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-SOD2/Mn-SOD Polyclonal Antibody (NB100-1992) at 1:100 for 1 hour at RT. Secondary Antibody: FITC Goat Anti-Rabbit (green) at 1:50 for 1 hour at RT. Localization: Mitochondrion matrix.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SOD2-Mn-SOD-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-1992-img0017.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - SOD2 mRNA & protein expression. RT-PCR: (A) SOD2 mRNA expression is higher in adults, & highest in the adult parenchyma. (B) No exposure effects on SOD2 mRNA were observed in neonates. (C) Adult SOD2 mRNA was decreased in PFP48. Data are presented as mean+SEM (n=5-7 rats/group, in each compartment), * significantly different compared to neonates in the same compartment, † significantly different compared to airways in the same age, ‡ significantly different compared to FA in the same compartment. Western blotting: (D) Scan of representative SOD2 & actin blots. (E) Neonatal whole lung SOD2 protein expression was unchanged with exposure, & (F) adult whole lung SOD2 protein trended upwards at PFP2, but was statistically insignificant. (G-J) Immunohistochemical localization of SOD2 in lung (n=6 rats/group). SOD2 protein was more abundant in adults compared to neonates, but no exposure specific differences were observed. Scale bar is 50 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//particleandfibretoxicology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-8977-10-34), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1992_rabbit-polyclonal-sod2-mn-sod-antibody-31020241555245.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - SOD2 mRNA & protein expression. RT-PCR: (A) SOD2 mRNA expression is higher in adults, & highest in the adult parenchyma. (B) No exposure effects on SOD2 mRNA were observed in neonates. (C) Adult SOD2 mRNA was decreased in PFP48. Data are presented as mean+SEM (n=5-7 rats/group, in each compartment), * significantly different compared to neonates in the same compartment, † significantly different compared to airways in the same age, ‡ significantly different compared to FA in the same compartment. Western blotting: (D) Scan of representative SOD2 & actin blots. (E) Neonatal whole lung SOD2 protein expression was unchanged with exposure, & (F) adult whole lung SOD2 protein trended upwards at PFP2, but was statistically insignificant. (G-J) Immunohistochemical localization of SOD2 in lung (n=6 rats/group). SOD2 protein was more abundant in adults compared to neonates, but no exposure specific differences were observed. Scale bar is 50 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//particleandfibretoxicology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-8977-10-34), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1992_rabbit-polyclonal-sod2-mn-sod-antibody-3102024168392.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - SOD2 mRNA & protein expression. RT-PCR: (A) SOD2 mRNA expression is higher in adults, & highest in the adult parenchyma. (B) No exposure effects on SOD2 mRNA were observed in neonates. (C) Adult SOD2 mRNA was decreased in PFP48. Data are presented as mean+SEM (n=5-7 rats/group, in each compartment), * significantly different compared to neonates in the same compartment, † significantly different compared to airways in the same age, ‡ significantly different compared to FA in the same compartment. Western blotting: (D) Scan of representative SOD2 & actin blots. (E) Neonatal whole lung SOD2 protein expression was unchanged with exposure, & (F) adult whole lung SOD2 protein trended upwards at PFP2, but was statistically insignificant. (G-J) Immunohistochemical localization of SOD2 in lung (n=6 rats/group). SOD2 protein was more abundant in adults compared to neonates, but no exposure specific differences were observed. Scale bar is 50 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//particleandfibretoxicology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-8977-10-34), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1992_rabbit-polyclonal-sod2-mn-sod-antibody-31020241553748.jpg)
![Western Blot: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - CAV-1 preserves mitochondrial respiratory function through regulation of OXPHOS expression.(A) OXPHOS complex subunits were detected through western blotting with appropriate antibodies. CAV-1 treatment significantly restored hypercholesterolemia-associated increased ETC complex I–V proteins levels. (B) Percentage of the OXPHOS complex (I–V) band intensities is presented in the graph. (C) Representative immunoblot displaying levels of CAV-1, CyPA, mitochondrial biogenesis markers, & antioxidant enzymes in the NC, HC, & HCAV-1 groups. (D) Columns represent average values over three independent experiments. The density for the NC group was set at 1; * & † are significantly different for the NC & HC groups, respectively, at P < 0.05. beta -actin was used as a loading control. Values are means ± SD. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154210), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1992_rabbit-polyclonal-sod2-mn-sod-antibody-3102024155523.jpg)
![Western Blot: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - SOD2 mRNA & protein expression. RT-PCR: (A) SOD2 mRNA expression is higher in adults, & highest in the adult parenchyma. (B) No exposure effects on SOD2 mRNA were observed in neonates. (C) Adult SOD2 mRNA was decreased in PFP48. Data are presented as mean+SEM (n=5-7 rats/group, in each compartment), * significantly different compared to neonates in the same compartment, † significantly different compared to airways in the same age, ‡ significantly different compared to FA in the same compartment. Western blotting: (D) Scan of representative SOD2 & actin blots. (E) Neonatal whole lung SOD2 protein expression was unchanged with exposure, & (F) adult whole lung SOD2 protein trended upwards at PFP2, but was statistically insignificant. (G-J) Immunohistochemical localization of SOD2 in lung (n=6 rats/group). SOD2 protein was more abundant in adults compared to neonates, but no exposure specific differences were observed. Scale bar is 50 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//particleandfibretoxicology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-8977-10-34), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1992_rabbit-polyclonal-sod2-mn-sod-antibody-310202415541978.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - SOD2 mRNA & protein expression. RT-PCR: (A) SOD2 mRNA expression is higher in adults, & highest in the adult parenchyma. (B) No exposure effects on SOD2 mRNA were observed in neonates. (C) Adult SOD2 mRNA was decreased in PFP48. Data are presented as mean+SEM (n=5-7 rats/group, in each compartment), * significantly different compared to neonates in the same compartment, † significantly different compared to airways in the same age, ‡ significantly different compared to FA in the same compartment. Western blotting: (D) Scan of representative SOD2 & actin blots. (E) Neonatal whole lung SOD2 protein expression was unchanged with exposure, & (F) adult whole lung SOD2 protein trended upwards at PFP2, but was statistically insignificant. (G-J) Immunohistochemical localization of SOD2 in lung (n=6 rats/group). SOD2 protein was more abundant in adults compared to neonates, but no exposure specific differences were observed. Scale bar is 50 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//particleandfibretoxicology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-8977-10-34), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1992_rabbit-polyclonal-sod2-mn-sod-antibody-310202415535131.jpg)
![Western Blot: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NB100-1992] - SOD2 mRNA & protein expression. RT-PCR: (A) SOD2 mRNA expression is higher in adults, & highest in the adult parenchyma. (B) No exposure effects on SOD2 mRNA were observed in neonates. (C) Adult SOD2 mRNA was decreased in PFP48. Data are presented as mean+SEM (n=5-7 rats/group, in each compartment), * significantly different compared to neonates in the same compartment, † significantly different compared to airways in the same age, ‡ significantly different compared to FA in the same compartment. Western blotting: (D) Scan of representative SOD2 & actin blots. (E) Neonatal whole lung SOD2 protein expression was unchanged with exposure, & (F) adult whole lung SOD2 protein trended upwards at PFP2, but was statistically insignificant. (G-J) Immunohistochemical localization of SOD2 in lung (n=6 rats/group). SOD2 protein was more abundant in adults compared to neonates, but no exposure specific differences were observed. Scale bar is 50 μm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//particleandfibretoxicology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-8977-10-34), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1992_rabbit-polyclonal-sod2-mn-sod-antibody-3102024165716.jpg)
![Simple Western: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for Park7 (DJ-1) in 0.05 mg/ml of Human Brain lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Park7-DJ-1-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB300-270-img0009.jpg "Simple Western: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for Park7 (DJ-1) in 0.05 mg/ml of Human Brain lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.")
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Lysates of the human RPE cell lines ARPE-19 (lane 1) and D407 (lane 2), the mouse RPE cell line B6-RPE07 (lane 3), mouse primary RPE (lane 4) and mouse brain lysates (lane 5) were harvested and analyzed by immunoblot assay with DJ-1 antibody. The DJ-1 signal varied in intensity in each RPE cell culture. Each lane contained 20 ug of protein. Protein loads were confirmed in replicate blots probed with GAPDH. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067983), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Park7-DJ-1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB300-270-img0014.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Representative confocal micrographs of ARPE-19 monolayers plated on Transwells(R) and labeled with antibodies to DJ-1 (G,J) and COX IV (H,K). Under baseline conditions, there is very little colocalization between DJ-1 and COX IV, as observed in overlaid images (I); DJ-1 is mostly distributed through the cytoplasm (arrows). Upon oxidative stress induced by incubation with 400 uM H2O2 for 1 hr, DJ-1 staining is increased (arrowheads) in ARPE-19 (J) cultures. In cultures treated with H2O2 some DJ-1 re-distributed to mitochondria (arrowheads) and displayed significant colocalization with COX IV in overlaid images (L). Scale bar = 10 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067983), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Park7-DJ-1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB300-270-img0015.jpg)
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - ARPE-19 and D407 monolayers were treated with increasing concentrations (0 to 800 uM) of H2O2 for 18 hrs (B), harvested, and analyzed by immunoblot assay with DJ-1 antibody (upper panel). Each lane contained 20 ug of protein. Protein loadings were confirmed in replicate blots probed with GAPDH (lower panel). A representative Western is shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067983), licensed under a CC-BY license](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Park7-DJ-1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB300-270-img0013.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Park7(DJ-1) detected in paraffin embedded human cortex.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Park7-DJ-1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB300-270-img0007.jpg)
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Human HEK293 cells and mouse brain lysates.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Park7-DJ-1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB300-270-img0005.jpg)
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Cells were transfected with the pCMV6-ENTRY control (lane 1) or pCMV6-ENTRY PARK7 cDNA (lane 2) for 48 hrs and lysed. Equivalent amounts of cell lysates (5 ug per lane) were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-Park7(DJ-1).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Park7-DJ-1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB300-270-img0008.jpg)
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Presence of oxDJ-1 in RPE cells subjected to oxidative stress.ARPE-19 monolayers were treated with increasing concentrations (0 to 800 µM) of H2O2 for 1 hr (A) & 18 hs (B), harvested, & analyzed by immunoblot assay with oxDJ-1 antibody (upper panel). Protein loadings were confirmed in replicate blots probed with GAPDH (lower panel). Each lane contained 20 µg of protein. A dose response is observed when cells are exposed to increasing concentrations of H2O2 for 1 h (A, lanes 1 to 6) & 18 hrs (B, lanes 7 to 12). Confocal immunofluorescence staining of baseline ARPE-19 cultures (C) fixed before extraction with Triton X-100 & labeling with oxDJ-1 antibodies revealed absence of oxDJ-1. However, oxDJ-1 is observed in the cytoplasm (arrows) & perinuclear area (arrowheads) of RPE cells exposure to 400 µM H2O2 for 1 h (D) & 18 hrs (E). Cell nuclei were labeled with TO-PRO-3. Scale bar = 20 µm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23844142), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-270_rabbit-polyclonal-park7-dj-1-antibody-31020241621815.jpg)
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Presence of oxDJ-1 in RPE cells subjected to oxidative stress.ARPE-19 monolayers were treated with increasing concentrations (0 to 800 µM) of H2O2 for 1 hr (A) & 18 hs (B), harvested, & analyzed by immunoblot assay with oxDJ-1 antibody (upper panel). Protein loadings were confirmed in replicate blots probed with GAPDH (lower panel). Each lane contained 20 µg of protein. A dose response is observed when cells are exposed to increasing concentrations of H2O2 for 1 h (A, lanes 1 to 6) & 18 hrs (B, lanes 7 to 12). Confocal immunofluorescence staining of baseline ARPE-19 cultures (C) fixed before extraction with Triton X-100 & labeling with oxDJ-1 antibodies revealed absence of oxDJ-1. However, oxDJ-1 is observed in the cytoplasm (arrows) & perinuclear area (arrowheads) of RPE cells exposure to 400 µM H2O2 for 1 h (D) & 18 hrs (E). Cell nuclei were labeled with TO-PRO-3. Scale bar = 20 µm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23844142), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-270_rabbit-polyclonal-park7-dj-1-antibody-3102024162185.jpg)
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB300-270] - Presence of oxDJ-1 in RPE cells subjected to oxidative stress.ARPE-19 monolayers were treated with increasing concentrations (0 to 800 µM) of H2O2 for 1 hr (A) & 18 hs (B), harvested, & analyzed by immunoblot assay with oxDJ-1 antibody (upper panel). Protein loadings were confirmed in replicate blots probed with GAPDH (lower panel). Each lane contained 20 µg of protein. A dose response is observed when cells are exposed to increasing concentrations of H2O2 for 1 h (A, lanes 1 to 6) & 18 hrs (B, lanes 7 to 12). Confocal immunofluorescence staining of baseline ARPE-19 cultures (C) fixed before extraction with Triton X-100 & labeling with oxDJ-1 antibodies revealed absence of oxDJ-1. However, oxDJ-1 is observed in the cytoplasm (arrows) & perinuclear area (arrowheads) of RPE cells exposure to 400 µM H2O2 for 1 h (D) & 18 hrs (E). Cell nuclei were labeled with TO-PRO-3. Scale bar = 20 µm. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23844142), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb300-270_rabbit-polyclonal-park7-dj-1-antibody-310202416212344.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - Western Blot analysis shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma parental cell line and LC3B knockout HeLa cell line (KO) untreated (-) or treated (+) with 50 uM Chloroquine for 18 hours. PVDF (Polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane was probed with 2.0 ug/mL of Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat LC3B Monoclonal Antibody (1251A) [Catalog # NBP2-46892] followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog# HAF008). A specific band was detected for LC3B at a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HeLa cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HeLa cell line. GAPDH is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Knockout-Validated-NBP2-46892-img0028.jpg "<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - Western Blot analysis shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma parental cell line and LC3B knockout HeLa cell line (KO) untreated (-) or treated (+) with 50 uM Chloroquine for 18 hours. PVDF (Polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane was probed with 2.0 ug/mL of Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat LC3B Monoclonal Antibody (1251A) [Catalog # NBP2-46892] followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog# HAF008). A specific band was detected for LC3B at a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HeLa cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HeLa cell line. GAPDH is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.")
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - LC3B was detected in immersion fixed Chloroquine treated Hela cells (left) but was not detected in LC3B knockout Hela cells (right) using rabbit anti-human LC3B monoclonal antibody (1251A) [Catalog #NBP2-46892] at 0.3 ug/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL004) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Knockout-Validated-NBP2-46892-img0036.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - The expression of LC3B in rat tissue. This image was submitted via customer Review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Western-Blot-NBP2-46892-img0034.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Flow (Intracellular): LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - Jurkat cells were either untreated (A) or treated with 50uM chloroquine for 24 hours (B). An intracellular stain was performed with anti-LC3B (1251A) antibody [Catalog # NBP2-46892] (blue) and a matched isotype control [Catalog # MAB1050] (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, following fixation, cells were permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by rabbit IgG APC-conjugated secondary antibody (F0111, R&D Systems).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Flow-Intracellular-NBP2-46892-img0026.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - Effects of PDTC on LC3 on the hippocampus of rats harvested 12 h after CLP. Values of protein data are normalized to actin level and given in relative arbitrary units. LC3-II increased in CLP rats receiving vehicle or PDTC compared with those in sham-operated rats. PDTC + CLP rats showed an increase in LC3-II compared with vehicle-treated rats. Data were expressed as mean +/- SEM, n = 6/group. *P < 0.05 vs sham-operated group. # P < 0.05 vs 12 h or Veh + CLP group. PDTC pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, LC-3 microtubule-associated protein light chain-3, CLP cecal ligation and puncture. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26067996) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Western-Blot-NBP2-46892-img0038.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - HeLa cells were treated with Chloroquine for 24 hours prior to fixation, permeabilization and incubation with anti- [Catalog # NBP2-46892] and anti tubulin (NB100-690) antibodies. Image enlargement shows the accumulation of LC3 (green) on autophagosomes in response to Chloroquine treatment. Tubulin staining is shown in red and DNA is counterstained with DAPI (blue).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-46892-img0032.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - IHC (Immunohistochemical) analysis of a formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue section of normal mouse brain using rabbit monoclonal LC3B (1251A) antibody [Catalog # NBP2-46892] at 1:100 dilution with HRP-DAB detection. The antibody generated a weak diffused cytoplasmic staining in most of the cells but some cells, especially within empty areas on the section, showed punctate signal also which signifies the presence of autophagy in those areas.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP2-46892-img0033.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - HeLa cells untreated or treated with 50 uM chloroquine for 24h. Image from the Alexa Fluor 405 version of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Flow-Cytometry-NBP2-46892-img0037.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - Analysis shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line untreated (-) or treated (+) with Chloroquine. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.2 ug/mL rabbit anti-LC3B monoclonal Antibody (1251A) (Catalog # NBP2-46892, Novus Biologicals), followed by 1:2000 dilution of goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody. A specific band was detected for LC3B at a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa in CQ treated NIH-3T3 and PC12 cell lines.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Western-Blot-NBP2-46892-img0009.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - Western Blot analysis using HeLa cells treated with (+) or without (-) Chloriquine (CQ). A specific band was detected for LC3B at a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Western-Blot-NBP2-46892-img0010.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - Western Blot image of monoclonal anti-LC3B Antibody (Clone 1251D) [Catalog # NBP2-46892]. HeLa and Neuro2A cells were treated with or without 50 uM chloroquine for 24 hours as indicated. Whole cell protein was then separated on a 4-15% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to 0.2 um PVDF membrane for 30 min and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST (Tris-buffered saline, 0.1% Tween 20). The membrane was probed with 2 ug/ml anti-LC3B Antibody in 1% milk, and detected with an anti-rabbit HRP secondary antibody using chemiluminescence. Note the accumulation of LC3B II upon chloroquine treatment. Bands for LC3 were detected at a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa in treated HeLA cells, and both treated and untreated Neuro2A cells.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Western-Blot-NBP2-46892-img0006.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - HeLa cells were treated with 50 uM Chloroquine for 24 hour prior to fixation in 10% buffered formalin for 10 min. Cells were permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 and incubated with 20 ug/ml anti- [Catalog # NBP2-46892] and 1:500 anti-tubulin [Catalog # NB100-690] for 1 h at room temperature. LC3B reactivity (green) was detected with ant-rabbit Dylight 488 and tubulin (red) with anti-mouse Dylight 550. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-46892-img0030.jpg)
![Flow (Intracellular): LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - HeLa human cervical epithelial carcimoa cell line either treated with 50 uM chloroquine for 24 hours (filled histogram) or untreated (open histogram) was stained with Rabbit anti-Human LC3B Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated monoclonal antiobdy (1251A) [Catalog # NBP2-46892AF647]. To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized with FlowX FoxP3 Fixation and Permeabilization Buffer Kit (FC012-NOV).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Flow-Intracellular-NBP2-46892-img0025.jpg)
![Immunoprecipitation: LC3B Antibody (1251A) [NBP2-46892] - Western blot analysis of LC3 immunoprecipitation. 10 ug of monoclonal anti-LC3B antibody (clone 1251A) [Catalog # NBP2-46892] was used to immunoprecipitate LC3 from 200 ug of total protein from HeLa cells treated with or without 50 uM chloroquine for 24 h. Antibody-protein was captured by magnetic protein A/G beads, washed and subjected to SDS-PAGE on a 4-15% gel. Protein was transferred to 0.2 um PVDF membrane and probed with 2 ug/ml anti-LC3B (NB100-2220) and detected with an anti-rabbit HRP conjugated secondary antibody using chemiluminescence. The detection of LC3 at a molecular weight of approximately 12 kDa and the antibody heavy chain (Ab Hc) at a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa is indicated.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251A-Immunoprecipitation-NBP2-46892-img0031.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) - BSA Free [NBP2-46892] - Effects of PDTC on LC3 (a), Beclin1 (b), LAMP-1 (c), & Rab7 (d) on the hippocampus of rats harvested 12 h after CLP. Values of protein data are normalized to actin level & given in relative arbitrary units. LC3-II increased while Beclin1, Rab7, & LAMP-1 declined in CLP rats receiving vehicle or PDTC compared with those in sham-operated rats. PDTC + CLP rats showed an increase in LC3-II, Beclin1, Rab7, & LAMP-1 compared with vehicle-treated rats. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6/group. *P < 0.05 vs sham-operated group. #P < 0.05 vs 12 h or Veh + CLP group. PDTC pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, LC-3 microtubule-associated protein light chain-3, CLP cecal ligation & puncture Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-015-0336-2), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp2-46892_rabbit-monoclonal-lc3b-antibody-1251a-310202415291956.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251A) - BSA Free [NBP2-46892] - a LC3 in brains harvested 3, 6, 12, 24, & 48 h after CLP. b Immunofluorescence for LC3 in neurons after CLP injury. Values of protein data were related to signals obtained from actin protein & given as relative arbitrary units. LC3-II significantly increased in CLP rats at 6, 12, 24, & 48 h after surgery compared with sham-operated rats. Three-color staining for anti-LC3 antibody (green), NeuN (red), & DAPI (blue) showed that a staining pattern changes from largely diffuse to predominantly punctate & cytoplasmic in hippocampal neurons after CLP. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6/group. *P < 0.05 vs sham-operated group. LC-3 microtubule-associated protein light chain-3, CLP cecal ligation & puncture, DAPI 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-015-0336-2), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp2-46892_rabbit-monoclonal-lc3b-antibody-1251a-31020241612245.jpg)
![Western Blot: TRPM2 Antibody [NB110-81601] - Lane 1: CHO cells untransfected. Lane 2: CHO cell transfected with rat TRPM2 Lane 3: Mouse cortical neurons (cultured) Photo courtesy of Dr. Paco Herson, Oregon Health & Science University.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRPM2-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB110-81601-img0007.jpg "Western Blot: TRPM2 Antibody [NB110-81601] - Lane 1: CHO cells untransfected. Lane 2: CHO cell transfected with rat TRPM2 Lane 3: Mouse cortical neurons (cultured) Photo courtesy of Dr. Paco Herson, Oregon Health & Science University.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRPM2 Antibody [NB110-81601] - Neuro2a cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X PBS + 0.05% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with anti-TRPM2 at 5 ug/mL overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRPM2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-81601-img0010.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRPM2 Antibody [NB110-81601] - Staining of rat hippocampus using NB110-81601. TRPM2 is stained red, GFAP is stained green and nuclei staining is blue. Photo courtesy of Dr. Ji-Zhong Bai, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRPM2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-81601-img0006.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TRPM2 Antibody [NB110-81601] - TRPM2 antibody was tested in Neuro2A cells with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TRPM2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-81601-img0009.jpg)
![Western Blot: Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [NB110-41404] - Analysis of glutamine synthase. 40ug of lysates from mouse (Lanes M), rat (Lane R), pig (Lane P), bovine (Lane B), or human (Lane Hu) retina were probed. A 42 kDa band was identified in lysates from retinas of all species.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glutamine-Synthetase-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB110-41404-img0003.jpg "Western Blot: Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [NB110-41404] - Analysis of glutamine synthase. 40ug of lysates from mouse (Lanes M), rat (Lane R), pig (Lane P), bovine (Lane B), or human (Lane Hu) retina were probed. A 42 kDa band was identified in lysates from retinas of all species.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [NB110-41404] - Immunofluorescence using NB110-41404. Submitted via verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glutamine-Synthetase-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-41404-img0006.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [NB110-41404] - Localization of glutamine synthase in the retina. Paraffin sections of mouse (A, B), rat (C, D, G-I), or human (E, F) retina fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde were reacted with anti-glutamine synthase (red fluorescence staining in B, D, G, I, and brown immuno-peroxidase reaction. Nuclei in IF experiments (A-D) were stained with DAPI (cyan), and with nuclear fast red in E and F. At low magnification, anti-glutamine synthase reacted with a single population of cells extending from the ganglion cell layer through the inner nuclear layer. No signal was detected in controls either pre-incubated with 100ug/ml of the immunizing peptide (A) or with pre-immune serum (C, E). This finding was confirmed by co-localization (indicated by yellow in I) of glutamine synthase (red in G) with antoher marker of glutamine synthase (green in H).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glutamine-Synthetase-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB110-41404-img0002.jpg)
![Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody [NB100-493] - Detection of murine PINK1 using NB100-493. Lane 1: molecular weight marker. Lane 2. MES cell Mitochondria (20 ug) with a band at the observed molecular weight of 63 kDa. Lane 3. MES cytosol (20 ug). Lane 4. MES nuclear (20 ug) as negative control.Lane 5. Purified human cytochrome C (0.1 ug) as PINK1 negative control.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PINK1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-493-img0003.jpg "Western Blot: PINK1 Antibody [NB100-493] - Detection of murine PINK1 using NB100-493. Lane 1: molecular weight marker. Lane 2. MES cell Mitochondria (20 ug) with a band at the observed molecular weight of 63 kDa. Lane 3. MES cytosol (20 ug). Lane 4. MES nuclear (20 ug) as negative control.Lane 5. Purified human cytochrome C (0.1 ug) as PINK1 negative control.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NBP2-20535] - Analysis of methanol-fixed HeLa, using antibody at 1:200 dilution.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SOD2-Mn-SOD-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-20535-img0006.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NBP2-20535] - Analysis of methanol-fixed HeLa, using antibody at 1:200 dilution.")
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NBP2-20535] - Human breast carcinoma. SOD2 antibody diluted at 1:500. Antigen Retrieval: Citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 15 min.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/SOD2-Mn-SOD-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP2-20535-img0014.jpg)
![<b>Orthogonal Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: SOD2/Mn-SOD Antibody [NBP2-20535] - Various whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 15% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with SOD2 antibody diluted at 1:1000. The HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody was used to detect the primary antibody. Corresponding RNA expression data for the same cell lines are based on Human Protein Atlas program.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp2-20535_rabbit-polyclonal-sod2-mn-sod-antibody-1610202419405789.jpg)
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB100-1194] - (0.001ug/ml) staining of HeLa (A) and Jurkat (B) lysates (35ug protein in RIPA buffer). Primary incubation was 1 hour. Detected by chemiluminescence.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Park7-DJ-1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-1194-img0007.jpg "Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB100-1194] - (0.001ug/ml) staining of HeLa (A) and Jurkat (B) lysates (35ug protein in RIPA buffer). Primary incubation was 1 hour. Detected by chemiluminescence.")
![Western Blot: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB100-1194] - (0.001ug/ml) staining of Human Cerebellum (A), Human Frontal Cortex (B), Human Hippocampus (C) Mouse Fetal Brain (D), Mouse Brain (E) and Rat Brain (F) lysates (35ug protein in RIPA buffer). Detected by chemiluminescence.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1194_goat-polyclonal-park7-dj-1-antibody-131120231145588.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB100-1194] - Immunofluorescence staining of MCF7 (A) and Hela (B) cells with 5ug/ml NB100-1194 antibody. Detected with Rabbit anti-goat IgG-Alexafluor488 antibody at 1:1000. Nuclei Counterstained with DAPI.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1194_goat-polyclonal-park7-dj-1-antibody-1311202311455816.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB100-1194] - (7ug/ml) staining of paraffin embedded Human Testis. Heat induced antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6, HRP-staining.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1194_goat-polyclonal-park7-dj-1-antibody-131120231145587.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Park7/DJ-1 Antibody [NB100-1194] - Negative Control showing staining of paraffin embedded Human Testis, with no primary antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1194_goat-polyclonal-park7-dj-1-antibody-131120231145584.jpg)
![Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251D) [NBP2-59800] - HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma parental cell line and LC3B knockout HeLa cell line (KO) untreated (-) or treated (+) with 50 uM Chloroquine for 18 hrs. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.1 ug/mL of Rabbit Anti-LC3B Monoclonal Antibody (1251D) [Catalog# NBP2-59800] followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog# HAF008). A specific band was detected for LC3B at approximately 15 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HeLa cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HeLa cell line. GAPDH (Catalog # AF5718) is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251D-Knockout-Validated-NBP2-59800-img0005.jpg "<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251D) [NBP2-59800] - HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma parental cell line and LC3B knockout HeLa cell line (KO) untreated (-) or treated (+) with 50 uM Chloroquine for 18 hrs. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.1 ug/mL of Rabbit Anti-LC3B Monoclonal Antibody (1251D) [Catalog# NBP2-59800] followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog# HAF008). A specific band was detected for LC3B at approximately 15 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HeLa cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HeLa cell line. GAPDH (Catalog # AF5718) is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.")
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation and Genetic Strategies Validation.</b>Western Blot: LC3B Antibody (1251D) [NBP2-59800] - Total protein from HeLa and Neuro2A cells treated with or without 50 uM chloroquine for 24 hrs was separated on a 4-15% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to 0.2 um PVDF (Polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST (Tris-buffered saline, 0.1% Tween 20). The membrane was probed with 2.0 ug/ml anti-LC3B Antibody (1251d) [Catalog # NBP2-59800] in blocking buffer and detected with an anti-rabbit HRP secondary antibody using chemiluminescence. Note the detection of LC3I and LC3II at a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251D-Western-Blot-NBP2-59800-img0004.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3B Antibody (1251D) [NBP2-59800] - HeLa cells were treated with 50uM CQ (Chloroquine) overnight, fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with anti-LC3B (1251d) [Catalog # NBP2-59800] at 5 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Actin was detected with Phalloidin 568 (Red) at a 1:200 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251D-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-59800-img0003.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: LC3B Antibody (1251D) [NBP2-59800] - Analysis of a FFPE (Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded) tissue section of mouse brain using anti-LC3B antibody (clone 1251D) [Catalog # NBP2-59800] at 5ug/ml concentration (1:200 dilution). The primary antibody binding to LC3 in cells was detected using HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit secondary antibody with DAB (3,3'Diaminobenzidine) reagent, and the sections were further counterstained with hematoxylin for labeling cellular nuclei. This LC3 antibody generated a diffused staining in all cell types (except the endothelial cells of blood vessels) and the signal was strongest in a subset of neuronal cells.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251D-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP2-59800-img0023.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Flow (Intracellular): LC3B Antibody (1251D) [NBP2-59800] - HeLa cells were either (A) untreated or (B) treated with 50uM chloroquine for 24 hrs. An intracellular stain was performed with anti-LC3B (1251D) antibody [Catalog # NBP2-59800] (blue) and a matched isotype control [Catalog # MAB1050] (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, following fixation, cells were permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by rabbit IgG APC-conjugated secondary antibody (F0111, R&D Systems).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251D-Flow-Intracellular-NBP2-59800-img0022.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Simple Western: LC3B Antibody (1251D) [NBP2-59800] - Lane view shows lysates of NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line untreated (-) or treated (+) with 50 uM Chloroquine for 18 hrs, loaded at 0.2 mg/ml. A specific band was detected for LC3B at approximately 17 kDa (as indicated) using 5 ug/mL of Rabbit Anti-Human LC3B Monoclonal Antibody (1251D) [Catalog# NBP2-59800]. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/LC3B-Antibody-1251D-Simple-Western-NBP2-59800-img0021.jpg)