VAP-B Antibody (695791)

VAP-B was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human brain (cerebellum) using Mouse Anti-Human VAP-B Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB5855) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Mouse HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS002) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to neuronal cell bodies. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: IHC
• Clone: 695791
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

VAP-B Antibody (695791) Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant human VAP-B
  Ala2-Pro132
  Accession # O95292
• Specificity: Detects human VAP-B in direct ELISAs. In direct ELISAs, approximately 50% cross-reactivity with recombinant rat VAP-B is observed and no cross-reactivity with recombinant human VAP-A is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG2b
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: VAPB
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry 8-25 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Sterile PBS to a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for VAP-B Antibody (695791)

• ALS8
• ALS8VAMP-B/VAMP-C
• VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C
• VAMP-associated 33 kDa protein
• VAMP-associated protein B/C
• VAMP-B
• VAMP-C
• VAPB
• VAP-B
• VAP-B/VAP-C
• VAPC
• VAP-C
• vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C

Background

Vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein B (VAP-B; also VAMP-B) is an ~30 kDa ubiquitously expressed type IV transmembrane protein belonging to the VAP family (1, 2). It is found in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi and other membranes as a homodimer or a heterodimer with VAP-A, probably associating through a GxxxG motif in the transmembrane regions (1, 2). Human VAP-B cDNA encodes 243 amino acids (aa) that include a 222 aa cytoplasmic domain and a 21 aa C-terminal membrane anchor. The cytoplasmic domain contains a mobile sperm protein (MSP) domain (aa 7-124) and a coiled-coil region (aa 159‑196). Human VAP-B shares 90%, 89%, 96%, 96% and 94% aa identity with mouse, rat, canine, bovine and porcine VAP-B, respectively. VAP-A and VAP-B MSP domains recruit FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract)-motif-containing proteins to the cytosolic surface of ER membranes (2-4). FFAT proteins mediate many of the effects of VAPs on regulation of membrane transport, phospholipid biosynthesis, microtubule organization, and the unfolded protein response (2, 3). VAPs also interact with some SNARE and viral proteins (2). A human polymorphism of VAP-B, P56S, is found in three familial motor neuron diseases, notably the amylotrophic lateral sclerosis variant ALS8 (2). It produces a non-functional protein that can dimerize with and inhibit function of normal VAP-B, leading formation of intracellular aggregates and increased ER-stress-induced death of motor neurons (5-7). It can also promote cleavage and secretion of soluble VAP-B, which can then function as a ligand for EPH receptors (8). A naturally occurring 99 aa isoform of VAP-B that diverges at aa 71 within the MSP domain is termed VAP-C (1, 9). It also appears to be a negative regulator of VAP-A and VAP-B (9). While VAP-B is used by hepatitis C virus (HCV) for its propagation, VAP-C inhibits HCV propagation (9).

1. Nishimura, Y. et al. (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254:21.
2. Lev, S. et al. (2008) Trends Cell Biol. 18:282.
3. Peretti, D. et al. (2008) Mol. Biol. Cell 19:3871.
4. Kaiser, S.E. et al. (2005) Structure 13:1035.
5. Prosser, D.C. et al. (2008) J. Cell Sci. 121:3052.
6. Gkogkas, C. et al. (2008) Hum. Mol. Genet. 17:1517.
7. Suzuki, H. et al. (2009) J. Neurochem. 108:973.
8. Tsuda, H. et al. (2008) Cell 133:963.
9. Kukihara, H. et al. (2009) J. Virol. 83:7959.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: VAPB
• Uniprot:
  • O95292()