Recombinant Mouse IGF-II/IGF2 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Mouse IGF-II/IGF2 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a serum-free cell proliferation assay using MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells. Karey, K.P. et al. (1988) Cancer Research 48:4083. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 2-10 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived mouse IGF-II/IGF2 protein
  Ala25-Glu91
• Accession #: P09535
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala25
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Igf2
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 7.4 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse IGF-II/IGF2 Protein, CF

• C11orf43
• chromosome 11 open reading frame 43
• FLJ22066
• FLJ44734
• GRDF
• IGF2
• IGF-2
• IGFII
• IGF-II
• insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)
• insulin-like growth factor II
• insulin-like growth factor type 2
• MSA
• PEG2
• PP9974
• somatomedin-A

Background

IGF-II (Insulin-like growth factor II; also multiplication-stimulating polypeptide/MSP and somatomedin-A) is a secreted 8 kDa polypeptide that belongs to the insulin family of peptide growth factors (1, 2, 3). It is part of a complex system of growth and metabolic-regulating proteins that is particularly important during development. It has been associated with nervous system proliferation and differentiation, myelination, adrenal cortical proliferation, and skeletal growth and differentiation (4). In human, IGF-II is primarily synthesized by the liver, and circulates at high levels in both fetus and adult. In rodent, however, IGF-II levels drop after the perinatal period, an effect attributed to the lack of a key gene promoter (2, 5). This may indicate that postnatally, IGF-II has either a limited, or local effect only in rodent. For example, evidence suggests IGF-II may be the intermediary for SHH induction of VEGF attendant with local neovascularization (6). Rodent cells known to express IGF-II include astrocytes (7), hepatocytes (8), osteoblasts (9), embryonic striated muscle cells (10, 11) plus Kupffer cells and Ito cells (12). Mouse IGF-II is synthesized as a 180 amino acid (aa) preproprecursor (13). It contains a 24 aa signal sequence, a 67 aa mature region, and an 89 aa C-terminal prodomain that is alternatively referred to as the E-peptide. Mature IGF-II is 91% and 97% aa identical to human and rat IGF-II, respectively. Proper processing of IGF-II requires the chaperone activity of GRP94 (14). This generates an 8 kDa mature form, an 18 kDa, 156 aa proform, and a potential 11 kDa, 88 aa “Big” form (aa 25-112).  This 11 kDa ”Big” form would be equivalent to human 15-16 kDa IGF-II, with the 5 kDa difference attributable to the presence of O-linked glycosylation (15).  There is an additional 34 aa proteolytic fragment that is termed preptin and contains aa 93-126 of the preproprecursor.  This is distinct from IGF-II, is secreted by pancreatic b cells, and facilitates insulin secretion (16, 17). IGF-II has multiple binding partners.  It binds to IGF-IR, the Insulin receptor (IR)-type A and IGF-IR:IR-A hybrids, the type 2 IGF receptor (IGF-2R), and IGF binding proteins 1-6 (18, 19).  The first three receptors initiate downstream signaling events, the IGF-2R sequesters local IGF-II, and the six IGFBPs regulate IGF-II activity in various tissues.

1. LeRoith, D. & C.T. Roberts Jr. (2003) Cancer Lett. 195:127.
2. Werner, H. & D. LeRoith (2000) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57:932.
3. Pavelic, J. et al. (2007) Indian J. Med. Res. 125:511.
4. Varela-Nieto, I. et al. (2007) Curr. Pharm. Des. 13:687.
5. Rotwein, P. & L.J. Hall (1990) DNA Cell Biol. 10:725.
6. Chao, W. & P. A. D-Amore (2008) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 19:111.
7. Rotwein, P. et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:265.
8. Goya, L. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:24633.
9. McCarthy, T.L. et al. (1992) Endocrinology 130:1303.
10. Zindy, F. et al. (1992) J. Hepatol. 14:30.
11. Holthuizen, P.E. et al. (1993) Regul. Pept. 48:77.
12. Merrick, D. et al. (2007) BMC Dev. Biol. 7:65.
13. Stempien, M.M. et al. (1986) DNA 5:357.
14. Ostrovsky, O. et al. (2009) Mol. Biol. Cell 20:1855.
15. Daughaday, W.H. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5823.
16. Buchanan, C.M. et al. (2001) Biochem. J. 360:431.
17. Cornish, J. et al. (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 292:E117.
18. Denley, A. et al. (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:421.
19. Belfiore, A. (2007) Curr. Pharm. Des. 13:671.

Publications for IGF-II/IGF2 (792-MG)(26)

Publications using 792-MG

• Krummeich, J;Nardi, L;Caliendo, C;Aschauer, D;Engelhardt, V;Arlt, A;Maier, J;Bicker, F;Kwiatkowski, MD;Rolski, K;Vincze, K;Schneider, R;Rumpel, S;Gerber, S;Schmeisser, MJ;Schweiger, S; Premature cognitive decline in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis Aging cell 2024-08-27 [PMID: 39192595] (In vivo assay, Mouse)
• Li, T;Yang, F;Heng, Y;Zhou, S;Wang, G;Wang, J;Wang, J;Chen, X;Yao, ZP;Wu, Z;Guo, Y; TMED10 mediates the trafficking of insulin-like growth factor 2 along the secretory pathway for myoblast differentiation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2023-11-14 [PMID: 37931110] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Shimizu, K;Kikuta, J;Ohta, Y;Uchida, Y;Miyamoto, Y;Morimoto, A;Yari, S;Sato, T;Kamakura, T;Oshima, K;Imai, R;Liu, YC;Okuzaki, D;Hara, T;Motooka, D;Emoto, N;Inohara, H;Ishii, M; Single-cell transcriptomics of human cholesteatoma identifies an activin A-producing osteoclastogenic fibroblast subset inducing bone destruction Nature communications 2023-08-03 [PMID: 37537159] (Cell Culture, Mouse)
• Q Qiu, L Yang, Y Feng, Z Zhu, N Li, L Zheng, Y Sun, C Pan, H Qiu, X Cui, W He, F Wang, Y Yi, M Tang, Z Yang, Y Yang, Z Li, L Chen, Y Hu HDAC I/IIb selective inhibitor Purinostat Mesylate combined with GLS1 inhibition effectively eliminates CML stem cells Bioactive materials, 2022-09-18;21(0):483-498. 2022-09-18 [PMID: 36185739] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• T Kondo, H Aoki, Y Otsuka, Y Kawaguchi, Y Waguri-Nag, M Aoyama Insulin-like growth factor 2 promotes osteoclastogenesis increasing inflammatory cytokine levels under hypoxia Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2022-04-16;149(3):93-99. 2022-04-16 [PMID: 35641033] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• EL Berg, SP Petkova, HA Born, A Adhikari, AE Anderson, JL Silverman Insulin-like growth factor-2 does not improve behavioral deficits in mouse and rat models of Angelman Syndrome Molecular autism, 2021-09-15;12(1):59. 2021-09-15 [PMID: 34526125] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• H Michaux, A Halouani, C Trussart, C Renard, H Jaïdane, H Martens, V Geenen, D Hober Modulation of IGF2 Expression in the Murine Thymus and Thymic Epithelial Cells Following Coxsackievirus-B4 Infection Microorganisms, 2021-02-15;9(2):. 2021-02-15 [PMID: 33672010] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Z Wang, M Cui, AM Shah, W Tan, N Liu, R Bassel-Dub, EN Olson Cell-Type-Specific Gene Regulatory Networks Underlying Murine Neonatal Heart Regeneration at Single-Cell Resolution Cell Reports, 2020-12-08;33(10):108472. 2020-12-08 [PMID: 33296652] (Cell Culture, Human)
• KL Lee, JF Aitken, HL Hsu, GM Williams, MA Brimble, GJS Cooper Glucoregulatory activity of vesiculin in insulin sensitive and resistant mice Peptides, 2019-04-21;116(0):1-7. 2019-04-21 [PMID: 31018156] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)
• C De Giovann, P Nanni, L Landuzzi, ML Ianzano, G Nicoletti, S Croci, A Palladini, PL Lollini Immune targeting of autocrine IGF2 hampers rhabdomyosarcoma growth and metastasis BMC Cancer, 2019-02-07;19(1):126. 2019-02-07 [PMID: 30732578] (ELISA (Capture), Western Blot, Mouse)
• P Periasamy, V Tran, HC O'Neill Identification of genes which regulate stroma-dependent in vitro hematopoiesis PLoS ONE, 2018-10-11;13(10):e0205583. 2018-10-11 [PMID: 30308055] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• MJ Wang, F Chen, QG Liu, CC Liu, H Yao, B Yu, HB Zhang, HX Yan, Y Ye, T Chen, KJ Wangenstee, X Wang, YP Hu, ZY He Insulin-like growth factor 2 is a key mitogen driving liver repopulation in mice Cell Death Dis, 2018-01-18;9(2):26. 2018-01-18 [PMID: 29348399] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• AB Steinmetz, SA Stern, AS Kohtz, G Descalzi, CM Alberini Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Targets the mTOR Pathway to Reverse Autism-Like Phenotypes in Mice J. Neurosci., 2017-12-07;38(4):1015-1029. 2017-12-07 [PMID: 29217683] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• M Pardo, Y Cheng, D Velmeshev, M Magistri, H Eldar-Fink, A Martinez, MA Faghihi, RS Jope, E Beurel Intranasal siRNA administration reveals IGF2 deficiency contributes to impaired cognition in Fragile X syndrome mice JCI Insight, 2017-03-23;2(6):e91782. 2017-03-23 [PMID: 28352664] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Nakatsuka R, Iwaki R, Matsuoka Y, Sumide K, Kawamura H, Fujioka T, Sasaki Y, Uemura Y, Asano H, Kwon A, Sonoda Y Identification and Characterization of Lineage(-)CD45(-)Sca-1(+) VSEL Phenotypic Cells Residing in Adult Mouse Bone Tissue. Stem Cells Dev, 2015-11-23;25(1):27-42. 2015-11-23 [PMID: 26595762] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Casellas A, Mallol C, Salavert A, Jimenez V, Garcia M, Agudo J, Obach M, Haurigot V, Vila L, Molas M, Lage R, Morro M, Casana E, Ruberte J, Bosch F Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 Overexpression Induces beta-Cell Dysfunction and Increases Beta-cell Susceptibility to Damage. J Biol Chem, 2015-05-13;290(27):16772-85. 2015-05-13 [PMID: 25971976] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Ikemoto-Uezumi M, Uezumi A, Tsuchida K, Fukada S, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto N, Shiomi K, Hashimoto N Pro-Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Ameliorates Age-Related Inefficient Regenerative Response by Orchestrating Self-Reinforcement Mechanism of Muscle Regeneration. Stem Cells, 2015-05-26;33(8):2456-68. 2015-05-26 [PMID: 25917344] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Shi Y, Chen J, Karner C, Long F Hedgehog signaling activates a positive feedback mechanism involving insulin-like growth factors to induce osteoblast differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015-03-30;112(15):4678-83. 2015-03-30 [PMID: 25825734] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Shaw A, Pickup M, Chytil A, Aakre M, Owens P, Moses H, Novitskiy S TGFbeta signaling in myeloid cells regulates mammary carcinoma cell invasion through fibroblast interactions. PLoS ONE, 2015-01-28;10(1):e0117908. 2015-01-28 [PMID: 25629162] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Yang G, Geng X, Song J, Wu Y, Yan H, Zhan Z, Yang L, He W, Liu Z, Qiu S, Liu Z, Yang P Insulin-like growth factor 2 enhances regulatory T-cell functions and suppresses food allergy in an experimental model. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2014-04-01;133(6):1702-8.e5. 2014-04-01 [PMID: 24698315] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)
• Ziegler A, Chidambaram S, Forbes B, Wood T, Levison S Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) and IGF-II analogs with enhanced insulin receptor-a binding affinity promote neural stem cell expansion. J Biol Chem, 2014-01-07;289(8):4626-33. 2014-01-07 [PMID: 24398690] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Chen DY, Stern SA, Garcia-Osta A, Saunier-Rebori B, Pollonini G, Bambah-Mukku D, Blitzer RD, Alberini CM A critical role for IGF-II in memory consolidation and enhancement. Nature, 2011-01-27;469(7331):491-7. 2011-01-27 [PMID: 21270887] (In Vivo, Rat)
• Ostrovsky O, Ahmed NT, Argon Y The chaperone activity of GRP94 toward insulin-like growth factor II is necessary for the stress response to serum deprivation. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2009-01-21;20(6):1855-64. 2009-01-21 [PMID: 19158397] (ELISA (Standard))
• Zhang P, Nelson S, Bagby GJ, Siggins R, Shellito JE, Welsh DA The lineage-c-Kit+Sca-1+ cell response to Escherichia coli bacteremia in Balb/c mice. Stem Cells, 2008-05-15;26(7):1778-86. 2008-05-15 [PMID: 18483422] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Huynh H, Iizuka S, Kaba M, Kirak O, Zheng J, Lodish HF, Zhang CC Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 secreted by a tumorigenic cell line supports ex vivo expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells, 2008-03-27;26(6):1628-35. 2008-03-27 [PMID: 18369099] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Tanaka H, Yamamoto M, Hashimoto N, Miyakoshi M, Tamakawa S, Yoshie M, Tokusashi Y, Yokoyama K, Yaginuma Y, Ogawa K Hypoxia-independent overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha as an early change in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Res., 2006-12-01;66(23):11263-70. 2006-12-01 [PMID: 17145871] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Igf2
• Uniprot:
  • P09535()