Recombinant Mouse FGL2 HA-tag Protein, CF

When Recombinant Mouse Fc gamma RIIB/CD32b (1460-CD) is immobilized at 1 µg/mL (100 µL/well), Recombinant Mouse FGL2 HA-tag (Catalog # 10691-FL) binds with an ED50 of 0.1‑0.8 µg/mL.

2 μg/lane of Recombinant Mouse FGL2 HA-tag (Catalog # 10691-FL) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing bands at 61-72 kDa and 244-288 kDa, respectively.

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Mouse FGL2 HA-tag Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Mouse Fc gamma RIIB/CD32b (Catalog # 1460-CD) is immobilized at 1 µg/mL (100 µL/well), Recombinant Mouse FGL2 HA-tag (Catalog # 10691-FL) binds with an ED₅₀ of 0.1-0.8 µg/mL. Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of mouse T lymphocytes. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.5-12 µg/mL.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse FGL2 protein
  

  Hemagglutinin Tag (YPYDVPDYA)	Mouse FGL2 (Val20-Pro432) Accession # P12804.1
  N-terminus	C-terminus

• Accession #: P12804.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Tyr of HA-tag and Asp 31
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
  • Bioactivity2
• Theoretical MW: 48 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 61-72 kDa, under reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 250 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse FGL2 HA-tag Protein, CF

• FGL2
• fibrinogen-like 2
• Fibrinogen-like protein 2
• Fibroleukin
• pT49T49
• T49

Background

FGL2 (fibrinogen-like protein 2), also called fibroleukin, is a 64-70 kDa secreted glycoprotein of the Fibrinogen-like superfamily. It has prothrombinase activity and also promotes T regulatory (Treg) activity (1-6). The mouse FGL2 gene encodes a 439 amino acid (aa) protein that contains a 23 aa signal sequence and a 416 aa mature sequence with an N-terminal coiled-coil region and a C-terminal fibrinogen homology domain or FRED (1, 2). A 260-280 kDa FGL2 complex is thought to be a tetramer formed by covalent disulfide linkage of dimers that are associated via coiled-coil interactions (2, 3). Mature mouse FGL2 shares 79% and  91% homology with human and rat FGL2 respectively. FGL2 appears to have two modes of action. One mode involves its prothrombinase activity, which requires calcium and acidic phospholipids (4). This mode is thought to be active during hepatitis viral infections when FGL2, produced by macrophages in response to IFN-gamma, induces hepatic apoptosis and fibrin deposition (7). In addition, FGL2 produced by endothelial cells in response to TNF-alpha within cardiac xenografts or allografts promotes coagulation during acute vascular rejection (7-9). A second mode of action involves soluble (not phospholipid-associated) FGL2 and is independent of prothrombinase activity (2). Soluble FGL2 is required for Treg function, and directly suppresses DC, T, and B cell immune reactivity; consequently, some FGL2-deficent mice develop autoimmune glomerulonephritis (5, 6). In vitro, soluble FGL2 can skew T cell polarization toward Th2 and inhibit proliferation of stimulated T cells and maturation of DC (6). In pregnancy, fetal trophoblast cells secrete FGL2. The immune suppressive mode of FGL2 may prevent early fetal loss; however, the procoagulant mode is thought to mediate infection-triggered abortion (10). In the central nervous system (CNS), FGL2 was shown to be highly expressed in glioma stem cells and primary glioblastoma cells and may serve as a critical immune oncology target (11).

1. Koyama, T. et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:1609.
2. Marazzi, S. et al. (1998) J. Immunol.161:138.
3. Olson, G. E. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:51266.
4. Chan, C. W. Y. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:5170.
5. Shalev, I. et al. (2008) J. Immunol.180:249.
6. Chan, C. W. Y. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 170:4036.
7. Liu, M. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 176:7028.
8. Mendicino, M. et al. (2005) Circulation 112:248.
9. Ning, Q. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 174:7403.
10. Clark, D. A. et al. (2004) Mol. Hum. Reprod. 10:99.
11. Yan, J. et al. (2019) Nat Commun. 10:448.

Publications for FGL2/Fibroleukin (10691-FL)(3)

Publications using 10691-FL

• Zhao, Y;Xiang, Z;Pan, H;Huang, X;Chen, W;Huang, Z; FGL2 improves experimental colitis related to gut microbiota structure and bile acid metabolism by regulating macrophage autophagy and apoptosis Heliyon 2024-07-30 [PMID: 39104498] (In vivo assay, Mouse)
• Bennion, KB;Liu, D;Dawood, AS;Wyatt, MM;Alexander, KL;Abdel-Hakeem, MS;Paulos, CM;Ford, ML; CD8+ T cell-derived Fgl2 regulates immunity in a cell-autonomous manner via ligation of Fc?RIIB Nature communications 2024-06-20 [PMID: 38902261] (Bioassay, Transgenic Mouse)
• MT Rasquinha, N Lasrado, E Petro-Turn, E Weaver, T Venkataram, D Anderson, U Laserson, HB Larman, J Reddy PhIP-Seq Reveals Autoantibodies for Ubiquitously Expressed Antigens in Viral Myocarditis Biology, 2022-07-13;11(7):. 2022-07-13 [PMID: 36101433] (ELISA Capture, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • P12804.1()