Recombinant Mouse CXCL1/KC (aa 29-96) Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Mouse CXCL1/KC (aa 29-96) Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human CXCR2. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.8-4 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived mouse CXCL1/GRO alpha/KC/CINC-1 protein
  Asn29-Lys96
• Accession #: P12850
• N-terminal Sequence: Asn29
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Cxcl1
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 7.5 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse CXCL1/KC (aa 29-96) Protein, CF

• CINC1
• CINC-1
• CXCL1
• FSP
• GRO alpha
• GRO1
• GROa
• KC
• MGSA
• MGSA-a
• MGSA-alpha
• NAP-3
• SCYB1

Background

CXCL1, also known as KC, GRO alpha , and CINC-1, is an approximately 8 kDa proinflammatory chemokine that plays a key role in neutrophil migration and activation (1). Mature mouse CXCL1 shares 64% and 92% aa sequence identity with human and rat CXCL1, respectively [oquendo 4133, ryseck 266, cochran 939]. It is produced by many cell types in inflammatory sites and during chronic inflammatory diseases (1). CXCL1 can associate into bioactive dimers and primarily signals through CXCR2/IL-8 RB but can also bind with lower affinity to CXCR2/IL-8 RA (5-7). It induces neutrophil migration, extravasation, respiratory burst, and degranulation and also induces T cells to produce proinflammatory IL-17 (6, 8, 9). CXCL1 additionally binds to Syndecan-1 on epithelial cells which acts as a sink for CXCL1 activity until Syndecan-1 cleavage by MMP-7 (10). CXCL1 is up-regulated in spinal cord astrocytes by inflammatory stimuli or tumor cell injection, and it exacerbates pain sensation by potentiating excitatory NMDA neurotransmission (11, 12). In the circulatory system, CXCL1 interacts with CXCR2 on endothelial cells to promote lymphatic tube formation and angiogenesis (13, 14). It promotes the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes resulting in cartilage matrix deposition, calcification, and remodeling (15). It interacts with both CXCR1 and CXCR2 on adipose stromal cells and promotes their recruitment to prostate tumors in obese patients (16). It also binds CXCR2 on ovarian cancer cells, leading to cleavage of cell surface HB-EGF, transactivation of EGF R, and cell proliferation (17).

1. Strieter, R.M. et al. (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:593.
2. Cochran, B.H. et al. (1983) Cell 33:939.
3. Oquendo, P. et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:4133.
4. Ryseck, R.P. et al. (1989) Exp. Cell Res. 180:266.
5. Sawant, K.V. et al. (2015) J. Innate Immun. 7:647.
6. Geiser, T. et al. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:15419.
7. Ahuja, S.K. and P.M. Murphy (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:20545.
8. Jin, L. et al. (2014) J. Immunol. 193:3549.
9. De Filippo, K. et al. (2013) Blood 121:4930.
10. Gill, S.E. et al. (2016) Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. PMID 26934670.
11. Cao, D.-L. et al. (2014) Exp. Neurol. 261:328.
12. Xu, J. et al. (2014) J. Neuroinflamm. 11:38.
13. Xu, J. et al. (2012) Int. J. Cancer 130:787.
14. Miyake, M. et al. (2013) Lab. Invest. 93:768.
15. Merz, D. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:4406.
16. Zhang, T. et al. (2016) Nat. Commun. 7:11674.
17. Bolitho, C. et al. (2010) Endocr. Relat. Cancer 17:929.

Publications for CXCL1/GRO alpha/KC/CINC-1 (1395-KC/CF)(1)

Publication using 1395-KC/CF

• Klesney-Tait , Julia, Keck , Kathy, Li , Xiaopeng, Gilfillan , Susan, Otero , Karel, Baruah , Sankar, Meyerholz , David K, Varga , Steven M, Knudson , Cory J, Moninger , Thomas O, Moreland , Jessica, Zabner , Joseph, Colonna , Marco Transepithelial migration of neutrophils into the lung requires TREM-1. J Clin Invest, 2012-12-17;123(1):138-49. 2012-12-17 [PMID: 23241959] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Cxcl1
• Uniprot:
  • P12850()