Recombinant Human Integrin alpha 6 (X1) beta 4 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human Integrin alpha 6 (X1) beta 4 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Mouse Laminin I (Catalog # 3400-010-02) is coated at 10 μg/mL, Recombinant Human Integrin alpha 6 beta 4 binds with an apparent K_D <5 nM.
• Source: Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human Integrin alpha 6 beta 4 protein
  

  Human Integrin alpha 6 (Phe24-Lys878) Accession # NP_000201	Acidic Tail	HHHHHH
  Human Integrin beta 4 (Asn28-Ser710) Accession # P16144	Basic Tail
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #: NP_000201 (Integrin alpha 6) & P16144 (Integrin beta 4)
• N-terminal Sequence: Phe24 ( alpha 6) & Asn28 ( beta 4)
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: ITGA6
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 104 kDa ( alpha 6) & 84.8 kDa ( beta 4).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 125-135 kDa ( alpha 6) & 100-110 kDa ( beta 4), reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 200 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Integrin alpha 6 (X1) beta 4 Protein, CF

• Integrin alpha 6 beta 4

Background

Integrin alpha 6 beta 4 is an epithelial and Schwann cell laminin-binding integrin. While alpha 6 can also pair with beta 1, beta 4 pairs only with alpha 6 (1-3). Expression of the non-covalent heterodimer composed of a ~150 kDa alpha 6/CD49f and 150-200 kDa beta 4/CD104 type I transmembrane glycoprotein subunit is required for hemidesmosome formation (2, 4). The alpha 6 subunit contains an I (inhibitory) domain and a cleavage site that creates extracellular heavy and transmembrane light chains. Alternative splicing in the alpha 6 extracellular domain (ECD) at amino acid (aa) 216 creates X1 (ubiquitous), X2 and X1X2 isoforms, while splicing at a cytoplasmic site creates A and B isoforms (5, 6). The cytoplasmic domain of beta 4 is unusually long (~1000 aa) and contains four type III fibronectin repeats that bind intracellular hemidesmosomal components (2, 4, 7). Alternative splicing between repeats # 2 and 3 creates A, B, C and (truncated) D isoforms (7). All ECD variants share similar ligand binding characteristics, while cytoplasmic variants differ in tissue distribution and signaling pathways (5-7). The 683 aa human alpha 6X1 heavy chain shares 94-95% aa identity with mouse, rat, bovine, and canine a6, and the 683 aa human beta 4 ECD shares 87-92% aa identity with mouse, rat, bovine, and equine beta 4. Mutation of alpha 6 beta 4 can cause EB-PA, or epidermolysis bullosa (detachment of epidermis from basement membrane) with pyloric atresia, that is neonatally lethal if severe (8). On Schwann cells, alpha 6 beta 4 cooperates with dystroglycan to stabilize the myelin sheath, and mediates attachment to the basal lamina (9, 10). High alpha 6 beta 4 expression correlates with invasiveness of carcinomas (2). EGF R-induced phosphorylation of beta 4 disrupts hemidesmosomes and allows tumor cell migration (11, 12). alpha 6 beta 4 signaling can also amplify tumor production of VEGF and ErbB proteins (13, 14).

1. Takada, Y. et al. (2007) Genome Biol. 8:215.
2. Wilhelmsen, K. et al. (2006) Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:2877.
3. Nishiuchi, R. et al. (2006) Matrix Biol. 25:189.
4. Schaapveld, R. Q. J. et al. (1998) J. Cell Biol. 142:271.
5. Delwel, G. O. et al. (1995) Cell Adhes. Commun. 3:143.
6. Hogervorst, F. et al. (1993) J. Cell Biol. 121:179.
7. van Leusden, M. R. et al. (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235:826.
8. Pulkkinen, L. et al. (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:1376.
9. Nodari, A. et al. (2008) J. Neurosci. 28:6714.
10. Amici, S. A. et al. (2006) J. Neurosci. 26:1179.
11. Wilhelmsen, K. et al. (2007) Mol. Biol. Cell 18:3512.
12. Yang, X. H. et al. (2008) Cancer Res. 68:3204.
13. Lipscomb, E. A. et al. (2005) Cancer Res. 65:10970.
14. Folgiero, V. et al. (2007) Cancer Res. 67:1645.

Publications for Integrin alpha 6 beta 4 (5497-A6)(4)

Publications using 5497-A6

• A Rajan, BD Persson, L Frängsmyr, A Olofsson, L Sandblad, J Heino, Y Takada, AP Mould, LM Schnapp, J Gall, N Arnberg Enteric Species F Human Adenoviruses use Laminin-Binding Integrins as Co-Receptors for Infection of Ht-29 Cells Sci Rep, 2018-07-03;8(1):10019. 2018-07-03 [PMID: 29968781] (Surface Plasmon Resonance)
• V Russo, T Klein, DJ Lim, N Solis, Y Machado, S Hiroyasu, L Nabai, Y Shen, MR Zeglinski, H Zhao, CP Oram, PA Lennox, N Van Laeken, NJ Carr, RI Crawford, CW Franzke, CM Overall, DJ Granville Granzyme B is elevated in autoimmune blistering diseases and cleaves key anchoring proteins of the dermal-epidermal junction Sci Rep, 2018-06-26;8(1):9690. 2018-06-26 [PMID: 29946113] (Enzyme Assay)
• Florea F, Bernards C, Caproni M, Kleindienst J, Hashimoto T, Koch M, Sitaru C Ex vivo pathogenicity of anti-laminin gamma1 autoantibodies. Am J Pathol, 2013-12-02;184(2):494-506. 2013-12-02 [PMID: 24300951] (Bioassay, Human)
• Chong , Benjamin, Tseng , Lin-chia, Lee , Thomas, Vasquez , Rebecca, Li , Quan Z, Zhang , Song, Karp , David R, Olsen , Nancy J, Mohan , Chandra IgG and IgM autoantibody differences in discoid and systemic lupus patients. J Invest Dermatol, 2012-07-05;132(12):2770-9. 2012-07-05 [PMID: 22763789] (ELISA (Standard), Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: ITGA6
• Uniprot:
  • NP_000201 (Integrin alpha 6) & P16144 (Integrin beta 4)()