Recombinant Human IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 (aa 5-157) Protein

Product Discontinued

Recombinant Human IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 (aa 5-157) Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to induce IL-8 secretion in human preadipocytes. van Asseldonk, E.J. et al. (2010) Obesity 18:2234. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 2-12 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 protein
  Arg5-Glu157
• Accession #: NP_775270
• N-terminal Sequence: Arg5
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 17.2 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 17 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 (aa 5-157) Protein

• family of interleukin 1-eta
• FIL1 eta
• FIL1
• FIL1-(ETA)
• FIL1H
• FILI-(ETA)
• IL-1 eta
• IL1-ETA
• IL1F8 (Canonical product IL-1F8a)
• IL-1F8 (FIL1-eta)
• IL1F8
• IL-1F8
• IL1H2
• IL-1H2
• IL36 beta
• IL-36 beta
• IL36B
• interleukin 1 family, member 8 (eta)
• interleukin 1, eta
• Interleukin 36, Beta
• Interleukin-1 eta
• interleukin-1 family member 8
• Interleukin-1 homolog 2
• Interleukin-1 Superfamily e
• Interleukin-36 Beta

Background

Human interleukin‑36 beta [IL‑36 beta ; previously IL‑1F8, FIL‑1 eta  (eta) and IL‑1H2] is a member of the IL‑1 family of proteins that includes IL‑1 beta , IL‑1 alpha , IL‑1ra, IL‑18, IL‑36Ra/IL‑1F5, IL‑36 alpha /IL‑1F6, IL‑37/IL‑1F7, IL‑36 gamma /IL‑1F9 and IL‑1F10 (1 ‑ 6). All family members show a 12 beta ‑stranded beta ‑trefoil configuration, share up to 50% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, and are believed to have arisen from a common ancestral gene (3, 4). Two isoforms differ in their C‑terminal 70 aa (3). IL‑36 beta isoform 2 (IL‑36 beta 2) is a 157 aa protein that, like IL‑1, lacks a signal sequence and prosegment, but can be actively secreted as well as intracellular (1). IL‑36 beta 2 contains one potential N‑linked glycosylation site in its C‑terminus, while IL‑36 beta isoform 1 lacks potential N‑linked glycosylation sites and four of the conserved beta ‑strands (1). Human IL‑36 beta 2 shares 62%, 67%, 63% and 59% aa identity with the most similar isoform of mouse, canine, bovine and equine IL‑36 beta , respectively. It is agonistic, stimulating release of inflammatory mediators such as IL‑6 and IL‑8, and cytotoxic peptides such as beta‑defensins 2 and 3 that aid in defense against microbial pathogens (7 ‑ 10). The receptor for IL‑36 proteins is IL‑1 Rrp2, with IL‑1 RAcP as a coreceptor (7, 9). Antagonism of IL‑36 proteins by IL‑36Ra, which also binds IL‑1 Rrp2, has been shown by some investigators (5, 6). Skin keratinocytes express highest levels of IL‑36 proteins and their receptors, followed by epithelia in the esophagus, trachea and bronchae (7 ‑ 9). IL‑36 beta expression is increased in psoriatic skin and may play a role in pathogenesis of psoriasis (7, 8). IL‑36 beta is also expressed in resting and activated monocytes and B cells, synovial fibroblasts, neurons and glia, and is detectable in plasma and body fluids (1, 7, 9, 11). IL‑36 beta , along with IL‑36 alpha and IL‑36 gamma , is up‑regulated by IL‑1 alpha and TNF‑ alpha in keratinocytes, and has been shown to activate NF‑ kappa B and MAPK signaling pathways in an IL‑1 Rrp2‑dependent manner (7 ‑ 9). Full‑length recombinant IL‑36 proteins appear less active than their endogenous counterparts, but trimming of the N‑termini enhances their activity (9, 12).

1. Smith, D.E. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:1169.
2. Kumar, S. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:10308.
3. Nicklin, M.J.H. et al. (2002) Genomics 79:718.
4. Dunn, E. et al. (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:533.
5. Dinarello, C. et al. (2010) Nat. Immunol. 11:973.
6. Barksby, H.E. et al. (2007) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 149:217.
7. Towne, J.E. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:13677.
8. Johnston, A. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:2613.
9. Magne, D. et al. (2005) Arthritis Res. Ther. 8:R80.
10. van Asseldonk, E.J.P. et al. (2010) Obesity 18:2234.
11. Wang, P. et al. (2005) Cytokine 29:245.
12. Blumberg, H. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:4354.

Publications for IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 (6834-IL)(3)

Publications using 6834-IL

• WR Swindell, MA Beamer, MK Sarkar, S Loftus, J Fullmer, X Xing, NL Ward, LC Tsoi, MJ Kahlenberg, Y Liang, JE Gudjonsson RNA-Seq Analysis of IL-1B and IL-36 Responses in Epidermal Keratinocytes Identifies a Shared MyD88-Dependent Gene Signature Front Immunol, 2018-01-29;9(0):80. 2018-01-29 [PMID: 29434599] (Cell Culture, Human)
• Guanghui Yi Structural and functional attributes of the Interleukin-36 receptor J Biol Chem, 2016-06-15;0(0):. 2016-06-15 [PMID: 27307043] (Bioassay, Human)
• Saha S, Singh D, Raymond E, Ganesan R, Caviness G, Grimaldi C, Woska J, Mennerich D, Brown S, Mbow M, Kao C Signal Transduction and Intracellular Trafficking by the Interleukin 36 Receptor. J Biol Chem, 2015-08-12;290(39):23997-4006. 2015-08-12 [PMID: 26269592] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • NP_775270()