Recombinant Human CXCL1/GRO alpha (aa 39-107) Protein, CF

Recombinant Human CXCL1/GRO alpha (Catalog # 9196-GR/CF)attracts BaF3 mouse pro B cellstransfected with human CXCR2. The ED50 for this effect is0.15-0.9 ng/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human CXCL1/GRO alpha (aa 39-107) Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human CXCR2. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.15-0.9 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human CXCL1/GRO alpha/KC/CINC-1 protein
  Thr39-Asn107
• Accession #: P09341
• N-terminal Sequence: Thr39
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 8 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 6 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 250 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human CXCL1/GRO alpha (aa 39-107) Protein, CF

• CINC1
• CINC-1
• CXCL1
• FSP
• GRO alpha
• GRO1
• GROa
• KC
• MGSA
• MGSA-a
• MGSA-alpha
• NAP-3
• SCYB1

Background

CXCL1, also known as KC, GRO alpha , and CINC-1, is an approximately 8 kDa proinflammatory chemokine that plays a key role in neutrophil migration and activation (1). Mature human CXCL1 shares 64% and 67% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat CXCL1, respectively (2). It is produced by many cell types in inflammatory sites and during chronic inflammatory diseases (1). CXCL1 can associate into bioactive dimers and primarily signals through CXCR2/IL-8 RB but can also bind with lower affinity to CXCR2/IL-8 RA (3-5). It induces neutrophil migration, extravasation, respiratory burst, and degranulation and also induces T cells to produce proinflammatory IL-17 (4, 6, 7). CXCL1 additionally binds to Syndecan-1 on epithelial cells which acts as a sink for CXCL1 activity until Syndecan-1 cleavage by MMP-7 (8). CXCL1 is upregulated in spinal cord astrocytes by inflammatory stimuli or tumor cell injection, and it exacerbates pain sensation by potentiating excitatory NMDA neurotransmission (9, 10). In the circulatory system, CXCL1 interacts with CXCR2 on endothelial cells to promote lymphatic tube formation and angiogenesis (11, 12). It promotes the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes resulting in cartilage matrix deposition, calcification, and remodeling (13). It interacts with both CXCR1 and CXCR2 on adipose stromal cells and promotes their recruitment to prostate tumors in obese patients (14). It also binds CXCR2 on ovarian cancer cells, leading to cleavage of cell surface HB-EGF, transactivation of EGF R, and cell proliferation (15).  Truncated forms of CXCL1 with 3-5 amino acids removed from the N-terminus are secreted by peripheral blood monocytes and are 30-fold more active than the intact form (16).

1. Strieter, R.M. et al. (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:593.
2. Baker, N.E. et al. (1990) Nucl. Acids Res. 18:6453.
3. Sawant, K.V. et al. (2015) J. Innate Immun. 7:647.
4. Geiser, T. et al. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:15419.
5. Ahuja, S.K. and P.M. Murphy (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:20545.
6. Jin, L. et al. (2014) J. Immunol. 193:3549.
7. De Filippo, K. et al. (2013) Blood 121:4930.
8. Gill, S.E. et al. (2016) Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. PMID 26934670.
9. Cao, D.-L. et al. (2014) Exp. Neurol. 261:328.
10. Xu, J. et al. (2014) J. Neuroinflamm. 11:38.
11. Xu, J. et al. (2012) Int. J. Cancer 130:787.
12. Miyake, M. et al. (2013) Lab. Invest. 93:768.
13. Merz, D. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:4406.
14. Zhang, T. et al. (2016) Nat. Commun. 7:11674.
15. Bolitho, C. et al. (2010) Endocr. Relat. Cancer 17:929.
16. Wuyts, A. et al. (1999) Eur. J. Biochem. 260:421.
    

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • P09341()