Recombinant Human CCL3L1/LD78 beta

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human CCL3L1/LD78 beta Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to chemoattract 2-day cultured human monocytes. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1‑5 ng/mL. Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human CCR5. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1‑0.4 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human CCL3L1/MIP-1 alpha Isoform LD78 beta protein
  Ala24-Ala93
• Accession #: P16619.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala24
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: CCL3L1
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
  • Bioactivity2
• Theoretical MW: 7.8 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human CCL3L1/LD78 beta

• C-C motif chemokine 3-like 1
• CCL3L1
• chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 3,464.2
• chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like, centromeric
• D17S1718
• G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 19-2
• G0S19-2
• LD78 beta
• LD78
• LD78BETA
• LD78-beta(1-70)
• MGC12815
• MIP1 alpha Isoform LD78 beta
• PAT 464.2
• SCYA3L
• SCYA3L1
• small inducible cytokine A3-like 1
• Small-inducible cytokine A3-like 1
• Tonsillar lymphocyte LD78 beta protein

Background

The macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha  (MIP-1 alpha )/CCL3 and-1 beta (MIP-1 beta )/CCL4 are highly homologous CC family chemokines that were originally co-purified from medium conditioned by an LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line. Mouse MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are encoded by their respective single-copy genes. In human, additional non-allelic MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta genes also exist (1‑3).

The two human MIP-1 alpha genes arise by duplication/mutation. They code for MIP-1 alpha isoforms CCL3/LD78 alpha and CCL3L1/LD78 beta , which share 94% amino acid (aa) sequence homology. Whereas the human CCL3/LD78 alpha is a single-copy gene, the human CCL3L1/LD78 beta gene copy number varies within the population. Human CCL3L1/LD78 beta cDNA encodes a 93 aa residue precursor with a 23 aa residue signal peptide that is cleaved to generate a 70 aa mature protein. Human CCL3L1/LD78 beta binds and signals through chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5. When compared to CCL3/LD78 alpha , CCL3L1/LD78 beta has higher binding affinity to CCR5, which also functions as a coreceptor for HIV-1 entry. The copy number of CCL3L1 is one of several genetic determinants of HIV-1 susceptibility (4).

1. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.
2. Nibbs, R.J. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:17478.
3. Xin, X. et al. (1999) FEBS Lett. 457:219.
4. Mackay, C.R. (2005) Trends in Molecular Medicine 11:203.

Publications for CCL3L1/MIP-1 alpha Isoform LD78 beta (509-MI)(3)

Publications using 509-MI

• Kuczkowska, K;Bjerkan, L;Stubsrud, E;Husbyn, HC;Chellappa, S;Hauge, A;Skarshaug, R;Torgersen, ML;Heim, JB;Jørgensen, MJ;Wold, CW;Schleimann, MH;Tolstrup, M;Granum, S;Fredriksen, AB;Pedersen, MW;Norheim, G; A novel SARS-CoV-2 Beta RBD DNA vaccine directly targeted to antigen-presenting cells induces strong humoral and T cell responses Scientific reports 2023-11-02 [PMID: 37919366] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 2012-07-26;487(7408):505-9. 2012-07-26 [PMID: 22763448] (Bioassay, Human)
• Bonecchi R, Borroni EM, Anselmo A, Doni A, Savino B, Mirolo M, Fabbri M, Jala VR, Haribabu B, Mantovani A, Locati M Regulation of D6 chemokine scavenging activity by ligand- and Rab11-dependent surface up-regulation. Blood, 2008-05-14;112(3):493-503. 2008-05-14 [PMID: 18480427] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CCL3L1
• Uniprot:
  • P16619.1()