Recombinant Human beta-Defensin 3 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human beta-Defensin 3 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its anti-microbial activity against E. coli. Ganz, T. et al. (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:710. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 7.5-30 μg/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human beta-Defensin 3 protein
  Gly23-Lys67
• Accession #: P81534
• N-terminal Sequence: Gly23
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: DEFB103B
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 5.2 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human beta-Defensin 3 Protein, CF

• BD14
• BD3
• BD-3
• beta-defensin 103
• betaDefensin 3
• beta-Defensin 3
• DEFB103
• DEFB103A
• DEFB103B
• DEFB3
• DEFB-3
• DEFB3DEFB103A
• Defensin, beta 103
• defensin, beta 103B
• Defensin-like protein
• HBD-3
• HBD3HBP3

Background

beta -Defensin 3, also known as BD3 and DEFB-3, is a membrane-active cationic peptide that functions in inflammation and innate immune responses. There are at least 30 beta-Defensins which are distinguished from alpha-Defensins by the connectivity pattern of their three intramolecular disulfide bonds (1). The 45 amino acid (aa) mature human BD3 shares 38% and 33% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat BD3, respectively (2, 3). It shares 18%-36% aa sequence identity with other human beta-Defensins. BD3 is widely expressed among epithelial tissues, notably by keratinocytes and airway epithelial cells. It is upregulated in response to proinflammatory cytokines, microbial and viral infections, and at the edges of skin wounds (2, 4-6). BD3 induction in osteoarthritis chondrocytes promotes MMP1 and 13 production and inhibits TIMP1 and 2 expression (7). In vivo control of BD3 activity is accomplished in part through cleavage by cathepsins B, L, and S (8). BD3 displays strain specific microbicidal activity toward a broad spectrum of bacteria and yeast (2, 9). BD3 also induces monocyte migration, mast cell activation, and a mast cell-dependent increase in vascular permeability (4, 10). Disruption of the intramolecular disulfide bond pattern in BD3 abrogates its monocyte chemoattractant properties but not its antimicrobial properties (11, 12). BD3 inhibits viral infectivity by interacting directly with HIV-1 plus its coreceptor CXCR4 (5, 13), and with HSV glycoprotein B plus its receptor heparan sulfate (14), and by forming a protective coating on the surface of influenza virus target cells (15).

1. Dhople, V. et al. (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1758:1499. 
2. Harder, J. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:5707. 
3. Schibli, D.J. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:8279. 
4. Garcia, J.-R.C. et al. (2001) Cell Tissue Res. 306:257. 
5. Quinones-Mateu, M.E. et al. (2003) AIDS 17:F39. 
6. Sorensen, O.E. et al. (2006) J. Clin. Invest. 116:1878. 
7. Varoga, D. et al. (2005) Arthritis Rheum. 52:1736. 
8. Taggart, C.C. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:931.
9. Joly, S. et al. (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:1024.
10. Chen, X. et al. (2007) Eur. J. Immunol. 37:434.
11. Kluver, E. et al. (2005) Biochemistry 44:9804.
12. Wu, Z. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:8880.
13. Feng, Z. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 177:782.
14. Hazrati, E. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 177:8658.
15. Leikina, E. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:995.

Publications for beta-Defensin 3 (4435-BD)(2)

Publications using 4435-BD

• BA Stanfield, PJF Rider, J Caskey, F Del Piero, KG Kousoulas Intramuscular vaccination of guinea pigs with the live-attenuated human herpes simplex vaccine VC2 stimulates a transcriptional profile of vaginal Th17 and regulatory Tr1 responses Vaccine, 2018-04-11;0(0):. 2018-04-11 [PMID: 29655629] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kotarsky K, Sitnik KM, Stenstad H, Kotarsky H, Schmidtchen A, Koslowski M, Wehkamp J, Agace WW A novel role for constitutively expressed epithelial-derived chemokines as antibacterial peptides in the intestinal mucosa. Mucosal Immunol, 2009-10-07;3(1):40-8. 2009-10-07 [PMID: 19812544] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: DEFB103B
• Uniprot:
  • P81534()