Glucagon DuoSet ELISA, 5 plate

• Reactivity: All-Multi
• Applications: ELISA
• Conjugate: Biotin

Glucagon DuoSet ELISA, 5 plate Summary

• Source: N/A
• Assay Type: Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
• Inter-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Intra-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Spike Recovery: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Sample Volume: See PDF Datasheet for details

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA
• Application Notes: No significant interference observed with available related molecules.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Glucagon DuoSet ELISA, 5 plate

• GCG
• glicentin-related polypeptide
• GLP1
• GLP-1
• Glucagon
• glucagon-like peptide 1
• glucagon-like peptide 2
• GRPP

Background

Glucagon is a 29 amino acid (aa) peptide produced by the pancreas that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis (1-4). The Glucagon precursor mRNA is expressed by alpha cells ( alpha -cells) of the pancreas, L cells of the intestine, and in the brain (1, 2). Only the pancreatic alpha -cells express the prohormone convertase PC2, also called PCSK2, which is required to produce Glucagon (2). Intestinal L cells instead express the prohormone convertase PC1, which processes the precursor to the Glucagon-overlapping peptides glicentin and oxyntomodulin. L cells also produce two Glucagon-like peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2 that are derived from the same Glucagon precursor and influence glucose metabolism, but do not share any common sequence with Glucagon (1, 2). The aa sequence of the mature Glucagon peptide is identical in human, mouse, rat, pig, dog, horse, cow, sheep, and Xenopus.

In normal metabolism, Glucagon is secreted in response to low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and downregulated in response to high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Although Glucagon binding sites are found in liver, brain, pancreas, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue, the main activity of Glucagon receptors occurs in the liver, where Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, thereby increasing blood glucose (1-4). It is particularly important that the brain receive sufficient glucose, since it is unable to store more than a minute quantity. Therefore the release of Glucagon from alpha -cells is under control by both hormones and neurotransmitters, and is very responsive to circulating glucose concentration. Insulin, and/or the zinc that islet beta cells secrete with it, downregulates Glucagon secretion in intact islets (5, 6). Glucagon secretion is also downregulated by the neurotransmitter gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA), somatostatin produced by islet δ-cells, and GLP-1, but is enhanced by the neurotransmitter L-glutamate, amino acids (especially arginine), and Glucagon itself (2-4, 7). Through receptors on the alpha -cells, these substances affect potassium, sodium, and calcium channel activity and alter intracellular calcium concentration (2-4). Glucose suppression of Glucagon secretion is probably indirect, acting through paracrine signals from other islet cells (8).

Like insulin, Glucagon is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and contributes to its pathology (2-4). Glucagon secretion is less responsive to insulin-mediated suppression in times of high circulating glucose, causing glucagonemia, and increasing the risk of hyperglycemia. Glucagon is also regulated by some of the same messengers that regulate insulin (10-12). Leptin inhibits alpha -cell glucagon secretion and stimulates beta -cell insulin secretion, but glucagon blunts the leptin-mediated insulin secretion (10). Islet alpha -cells express ghrelin receptors and respond to ghrelin by increasing Glucagon secretion (11). Glucocorticoids, activated by 11 beta -HSD1, depress Glucagon secretion in hypoglycemia and insulin secretion in hyperglycemia (12). Although genetic polymorphisms of the Glucagon receptor are associated with T2D, downregulation of Glucagon secretion or deletion of the Glucagon receptor in mice that are susceptible to T2D actually improves glycemic control (13, 14).

Publications for Glucagon (DY1249)(4)

Publications using DY1249

• A Essaouiba, R Jellali, F Gilard, B Gakière, T Okitsu, C Legallais, Y Sakai, E Leclerc Investigation of the Exometabolomic Profiles of Rat Islets of Langerhans Cultured in Microfluidic Biochip Metabolites, 2022-12-15;12(12):. 2022-12-15 [PMID: 36557308] (Rat)
• JH Oh, YE Han, YR Bao, CW Kang, J Koo, CR Ku, YH Cho, EJ Lee Olfactory marker protein regulation of glucagon secretion in hyperglycemia Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 2022-09-14;0(0):. 2022-09-14 [PMID: 36104518] (Mouse)
• SM Curry, ER Burrough, KJ Schwartz, KJ Yoon, SM Lonergan, NK Gabler Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus reduces feed efficiency in nursery pigs J. Anim. Sci., 2018-02-15;0(0):. 2018-02-15 [PMID: 29378029] (Porcine)
• N Bozadjieva, M Blandino-R, J Chase, XQ Dai, K Cummings, J Gimeno, D Dean, AC Powers, GK Gittes, MA Rüegg, MN Hall, PE MacDonald, E Bernal-Miz Loss of mTORC1 signaling alters pancreatic ? cell mass and impairs glucagon secretion J. Clin. Invest., 2017-11-06;0(0):. 2017-11-06 [PMID: 29106387] (Mouse)

FAQs for Glucagon (DY1249). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQs).

1. What is the difference between the Quantikine and Duoset ELISA kits?
   • Our Quantikine kits are fully optimized and validated for the sample types listed on the product specific webpage and datasheet, as this can vary between kits. Each kit is supplied ready to use with one pre-coated 96-well plate, a detection antibody directly conjugated to HRP, and all other necessary reagents. These kits are ideal for researchers who want the convenience of a ready to use and optimized ELISA product. Some of these kits are also available prepackaged in larger 6 and 50 plate sizes.Our DuoSet Kits, in contrast, are ELISA development kits containing the capture and detection antibody, the mass-value calibrated standard, and streptavidin-HRP to prepare approximately 5 or 15 plates. Ancillary reagents will need to be used/purchased, and for most kits, we will recommend one of our Ancillary Reagent Kits, which contain the reagents we use ourselves in-house. DuoSet kits are validated only for cell culture supernatant samples and therefore require further development and validation for accurate measurement in more complex samples such as serum and plasma. Our DuoSet Kits offer an economical, flexible alternative for the experienced ELISA user.