Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (C-11, PCK-26, CY-90, KS-1A3, M20, and A5)

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (C-11, PCK-26, CY-90, KS-1A3, M20, and A5) [NB120-11213] - Staining of FFPE human skin sections with 1:100 Monoclonal Anti-Cytokeratin, pan (Mixture) using Goat Anti-Mouse IgG, FITC-conjugate.

Immunoblotting: Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (C-11, PCK-26, CY-90, KS-1A3, M20, and A5) [NB120-11213] - Cell line lysates were separated on SDS-PAGE and probed with 1:500 Monoclonal Anti-Cytokeratin, pan (Mixture). The antibody was developed using Goat Anti-Mouse IgG-Peroxidase and a chemiluminescent substrate. Lane 1: HeLa cells . Lane 2: HepG2 cells. Lane 3: COS-7 cells.

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (C-11, PCK-26, CY-90, KS-1A3, M20, and A5) [NB120-11213] - Fetal rat lung epithelial cells were labeled with Monoclonal Anti-pan-Cytokeratin (mixture) (green) and DNA was counterstained with DAPI (blue).

Product Discontinued

Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (C-11, PCK-26, CY-90, KS-1A3, M20, and A5) Summary

• Immunogen: This Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (C-11, PCK-26, CY-90, KS-1A3, M20, and A5) was developed against a mixture of human pan Cytokeratin.
• Marker: Epithelial marker
• Specificity: This is a mixture of monoclonal pan Cytokeratin antibodies. It recognizes human cytokeratins 1,4,5,6,8,10,13,18, and 19. It is a broad spectrum reagent, which reacts specifically with a wide variety of normal, reactive, and neoplastic epithelial tissues. The antibody mixture reacts with simple, cornifying and non-cornifying squamous epithelia and pseudostratified epithelia. It does not react with non-epithelial normal human tissues. Increased staining intensity is seen following proteolytic treatment (protease unmasking).
• Isotype: IgG1/IgG2a
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: KRT
• Purity: Unpurified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunoblotting
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1:50 - 1:100
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:10 - 1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen 1:100
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:100
  • Western Blot 1:100 - 1:2000

Reactivity Notes

The Anti-Pan Cytokeratin (mixture) exhibits a wide interspecies cross reactivity down to Xenopus laevis. Please note that this antibody is reactive to Mouse and derived from the same host, Mouse. Additional Mouse on Mouse blocking steps may be required for IHC and ICC experiments. Please contact Technical Support for more information.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: Ascites with 7% Equine serum
• Preservative: 0.09% Sodium Azide
• Purity: Unpurified

Alternate Names for Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (C-11, PCK-26, CY-90, KS-1A3, M20, and A5)

• AEI2
• CK1
• CK10
• CK13
• CK14
• CK15
• CK16
• CK-17
• CK-18
• CK19
• CK20
• CK-2e
• CK3
• CK4
• CK5
• CK6A
• CK8
• CK-9
• Cytokeratin, pan
• EHK
• EPPK
• K1
• K12
• KRT1
• KRT10
• KRT12
• KRT13
• KRT14
• KRT15
• KRT16
• KRT17
• KRT18
• KRT19
• KRT1A
• KRT2
• KRT20
• KRT3
• KRT4
• krt5
• KRT6A
• KRT8
• KRT9
• NEPPK
• panck

Background

Cytokeratins are a family of intermediate filamentous proteins that are expressed by epithelial cells (1,2). Cytokeratins range in size with a theoretic molecular weight varying from approximately 40 kDa to 68 kDa (2,3). The cytokeratin family consists of 20 polypeptides that are further divided into two main groups based on isoelectric point and molecular weight (1-3). The type I group are smaller, acidic polypeptides designated as cytokeratin 9 through cytokeratin 20 (CK9 - CK20) (1-4). Conversely, CK1 - CK8 belong to the type II group, classified as larger, basic or neutral polypeptides (1-4). Structurally, cytokeratins have homologous basic structure with other intermediate filaments; they possess a 300-315 amino acid (aa) central helical region that consists of four conserved domains (1A, 2A, 1B, and 2B) which are separated by linker domains (L1, L12, and L2) (1,5). Additionally, flanking this central region, both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends have a homologous subdomain (H), a variable domain (V), and charged end subdomains (E) (1). Furthermore, the central rod of one cytokeratin monomer binds with another monomer to form a coiled-coil dimer which subsequently binds another dimer to form a tertramer (3). Finally, many tetramers join together to ultimately form an intermediate filament of approximately 10nm in diameter (1-3, 5). Cytokeratins are expressed as pairs, typically with a type I and type II member; for example, CK10 pairs with CK1 (1,3).

Epithelial cells express multiple subtypes of cytokeratins which can be used to classify epithelial cell type or differentiation status, as well tumor progression or diagnosis (2). Cytokeratins are important for both stability and integrity of epithelial cells and function in intracellular signaling, from wound healing to apoptosis (1). Cytokeratins are useful immunohistochemistry tumor markers and antibodies to cytokeratins are a common pathological tool (1,3,6). Cytokeratin pan antibody is an antibody cocktail mixture that can detect multiple cytokeratins and reacts to multiple epithelial tissues (1,3,6). For example, AE-1/AE-3 is a commonly used specific pan cytokeratin that detects cytokeratins 1-8, 10, 14-16 and 19 (1,3,6).

Given the role of cytokeratins in the structural integrity of epithelial cells, mutations in cytokeratins have been shown to play a role in a variety of human diseases including epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) (4,5). EBS is an autosomal dominant disorder that is caused by missense mutations in either CK5 or CK14 (5). Other known cytokeratin-related disorders include bullous ichthyosis, a skin disorder characterized by redness, blistering, and hyperkeratosis, and epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK), which results in hyperkeratosis on the palms and soles of the body (7).

References

1. Awasthi, P., Thahriani, A., Bhattacharya, A., Awasthi, P., & Keratins, B. A. (2016). Keratins or cytokeratins: a review article. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. https://10.21276/jamdsr.2016.4.4.30

2. Southgate, J., Harnden, P., & Trejdosiewicz, L. K. (1999). Cytokeratin expression patterns in normal and malignant urothelium: a review of the biological and diagnostic implications. Histology and histopathology. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-14.657

3. Belaldavar, C., Mane, D. R., Hallikerimath, S., Kale, A. D. (2016). Cytokeratins: Its role and expression profile in oral health and disease. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.08.001.

4. Linder S. (2007). Cytokeratin markers come of age. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1159/000107582

5. Jacob, J. T., Coulombe, P. A., Kwan, R., & Omary, M. B. (2018). Types I and II Keratin Intermediate Filaments. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a018275

6. Ordonez N. G. (2013). Broad-spectrum immunohistochemical epithelial markers: a review. Human pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2012.11.016

7. McLean, W. H., & Moore, C. B. (2011). Keratin disorders: from gene to therapy. Human molecular genetics. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr379

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (NB120-11213)(3)

Publications using NB120-11213

• Abu El-Asrar AM, De Hertogh G, Allegaert E et al. Macrophage-Myofibroblast Transition Contributes to Myofibroblast Formation in Proliferative Vitreoretinal Disorders International journal of molecular sciences 2023-08-31 [PMID: 37686317] (IHC, Human)
• Elisabeth A. Rutledge Andrew P. McMahon Mutational analysis of genes with ureteric progenitor cell-specific expression in branching morphogenesis of the mouse kidney Dev. Dyn. 2020-02-04 [PMID: 32017326] (ICC/IF, Mouse)
• Rutledge EA, LindstrOm NO, Michos O, McMahon AP Genetic manipulation of ureteric bud tip progenitors in the mammalian kidney through an Adamts18 enhancer driven tet-on inducible system Dev. Biol. 2019-11-14 [PMID: 31734175] (IHC-Fr, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: KRT
• Entrez:
  • 3848(Human)
  • 300250(Rat)