Activin A betaA subunit Antibody (69403) [Alexa Fluor™ Plus 555]

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu, Rt
• Clone: 69403
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Alexa Fluor Plus 555

Activin A betaA subunit Antibody (69403) [Alexa Fluor™ Plus 555] Summary

• Specificity: Detects recombinant human Activin A in ELISAs. Also recognizes Activin A precursor. The amino acid sequences of mature beta _A subunits from human, mouse and rat are identical. Therefore, this antibody will also detect the mature beta _A subunit from mouse and rat.
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Protect from light. Do not freeze. 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied
• Buffer: Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

Notes

This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Activin A betaA subunit Antibody (69403) [Alexa Fluor™ Plus 555]

• Activin A betaA subunit

Background

Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1‑7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of various beta  subunits ( beta A, beta B, beta C, and beta E in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha  subunit and one of the beta  subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of two beta A chains. The beta A subunit can also heterodimerize with a beta B or beta C subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature human beta A chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat beta A. Activin A exerts its biological activities by binding to the type 2 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIIA which then noncovalently associates with the type 1 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIB/ALK-4 (7, 11). Signaling through this receptor complex leads to Smad activation and regulation of activin-responsive gene transcription (7, 11). The bioactivity of Activin A is regulated by a variety of mechanisms (11). BAMBI, Betaglycan, and Cripto are cell-associated molecules that function as decoy receptors or limit the ability of Activin A to induce receptor complex assembly (12‑14). The intracellular formation of Activin A can be prevented by the incorporation of the beta A subunit into Activin AC or Inhibin A (3, 10). And the bioavailability of Activin A is restricted by its incorporation into inactive complexes with alpha 2-Macroglobulin, Follistatin, and FLRG (15, 16).

1. Kumanov, P. et al. (2005) Reprod. Biomed. Online 10:786.
2. Maeshima, A. et al. (2008) Endocr. J. 55:1.
3. Rodgarkia-Dara, C. et al. (2006) Mutat. Res. 613:123.
4. Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157.
5. Xu, P. and A.K. Hall (2006) Dev. Biol. 299:303.
6. Shav-Tal, Y. and D. Zipori (2002) Stem Cells 20:493.
7. Chen, Y.G. et al. (2006) Exp. Biol. Med. 231:534.
8. Gray, A.M. and A.J. Mason (1990) Science 247:1328.
9. Mason, A.J. et al. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055.
10. Thompson, T.B. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:9.
11. Harrison, C.A. et al. (2005) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 16:73.
12. Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480.
13. Gray, P.C. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 188:254.
14. Kelber, J.A. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:4490.
15. Phillips, D.J. et al. (1997) J. Endocrinol. 155:65.
16. Schneyer, A. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:1671.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.