The loading controls on our antibody database are widely used in gel electrophoresis and Western blotting studies. Products like the GAPDH antibody detect "housekeeping" proteins which are abundantly distributed in cells. This makes them useful for checking the even loading of gel samples, and the even transfer of proteins at the blotting stage. They also serve a purpose in quality control, by verifying reagents are working correctly, and in the standardization of experimental results.
One of six actin isoforms so far identified, beta actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein involved in cell structure, motility, and cohesion. We at Novus Biologicals have many different beta-actin products in our catalog, used in areas such as cytoskeleton and signal transduction research. They are also used as loading controls in protein assays. Beta-actin is known as a “housekeeping” protein, i.e.
In rodents, MAP1LC3 (Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) is expressed in the renal visceral epithelial cells, or podocytes. LC3 antibody analysis has shown the protein accumulates in its membrane-bound form, LC3II, following conversion from LC3I.
The vast majority of antibodies in our antibody catalog are suitable for Western blotting studies. Devised almost 30 years ago by W. Neal Burnette, it has become a standard assay wherever antibodies are used to detect proteins.
We at Novus Biologicals have a broad antibody database covering the area of autophagy - over 1400 reagents in total. Autophagy is the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components - literally, self-digestion of the cell. Double-membrane vesicles, called autophagosomes, carry unwanted cell components to the lysosomes within an inner autophagic membrane. They then fuse, liberating the autophagic body and its contents into the lumen of the vacuole for degradation. This is a complex process involving at least 16 proteins.
Western blotting combines gel electrophoresis with use of a membrane to separate and identify target proteins using antibodies. Proteins are separated into bands using electrophoresis, and are then transferred to a membrane using filter-paper capillary action or an electroblotting technique. The effectiveness of the transfer can be checked by means of a stain – typically Ponceau S.
Western blot is a widely used immunoassay technique, used to identify proteins. Many people enter Western blot research without having a clear idea of how the technique relates to antibody usage, so we at Novus Biologicals thought it would be interesting to give a general review of this subject.
A conjugated antibody (also known as a tagged, loaded or labeled antibody) is one that has been attached to a substrate such as an enzyme, toxin or inorganic compound. Modern immunoassay techniques frequently use proteins conjugated with a fluorescent dye. Contemporary antibody sources sometimes supply a wide range of both polyclonal and monoclonal conjugated antibodies.
