Apoptosis

The antibodies in our stem cell antibody catalog are used in many areas of research, from developing therapies to investigating cancer. These research areas are related, because although pluripotent stem cells have the potential to replace organ transplants and heal paralysis, they also have the potential to develop into cancerous cells.

E3 ubiquitin ligases are standards in most antibody catalogs. These proteins are essential to the process of ubiquitination, which is expressed in protein pathways throughout the body and is often linked to disease states. It is widely used as a biomarker, with ubiquitin antibodies being widely used to identify the protein accumulations (inclusion bodies) which occur in conditions such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington's disease.

Orthologs are one of the classes of homolog genes. They occur in different species, but are linked by a common ancestral pathway. During evolution, they retain the same original function, irrespective of the species. Among the orthologs covered on our antibody databaseare those of the Forkhead Transcription Factor (FOX) superfamily of proteins.

We at Novus Biologicals have an extensive antibody databasedevoted to the 13 Fanconi anaemia complementation (FANC) genes, which are involved in the recognition and repair of damaged DNA.

We at Novus Biologicals have a large antibody database devoted to signalling pathways. These underpin every area of molecular biological research, including cancer. Among our cell signalling antibodies is one targeted to DLL4 (Delta-like protein 4). DLL4 is a homologue of the Drosophila delta gene, known to encode DSL-domain ligands on the Notch signaling pathway.

Death-receptor apoptosis, or cell death, is essential for cellular growth regulation; its disruption is expressed in a variety of cancers. We at Novus Biologicals are one of the leading antibody suppliersfor apoptosis and cancer research groups, and therefore have a large antibody database targeting death receptor proteins.

Base excision repair (BER) is the most fundamental DNA repair mechanism, dealing with alterations arising in individual DNA bases during cellular metabolism. We at Novus Biologicals have a large BER antibody database, which has proven important in various cellular studies.

Novus Biologicals specializes in offering top quality antibody reagents to many of the transcription factor proteins that are widely expressed in cancer cells.

We at Novus Biologicals are one of the leading antibody suppliers for products targeted to apoptosis. These products are regularly used by cancer research groups - apoptosis is fundamental to developing therapies that will kill tumor cells. Caspase proteins, which play a key role in apoptosis, are therefore regularly featured in our antibody catalog.

Not everyone knows how antibodies influence animal life, so this article is, in part, a very brief introduction. Apoptosis is triggered by a variety of signals and takes place by one of several mechanisms. These involve cell surface receptors, cytokines, tumour necrosis factors, proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax and Apaf-1, the caspase cascade, and apoptosis-inducing factors.