Antibodies

Viperin (Virus Inhibitory Protein, Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated, Interferon-inducible) inhibits the replication of a broad spectrum of viruses by several diverse mechanisms. The protein was first identified in 2001, when it was found to be the product of an IFN gamma-inducible gene (1).

Tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis pathway of the catecholamines dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

ATG5, or Autophagy Related 5, is a protein crucial for autophagy. Autophagy is a mechanism in which dysfunctional or pathogenic cells or cellular components are degraded and sometimes recycled. This process happens when ATG5 conjugates with another protein and associates with a cup shaped isolation membrane.

PINK1 is a protein serine/threonine kinase (PTK) that protects the organelles from cellular stress and controls selective autophagy to clear damage. Exner, et al. were among the first to report that PINK1 deficiency in humans was linked to autosomal recessive occurrences of Parkinson's disease (PD) and neurogenerative pathology (1).

CCR2, also known as CD192 (cluster of differentiation 192), is a chemokine receptor and is expressed by monocytes, activated T cells, B cells and natural killer cells. This protein is encoded by CCR2 gene in humans. CCR2 gene encodes two protein isoforms of a receptor for chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), MCP3 and MCP4.

Beta Actin is one isoform of a multifamily of highly conserved proteins that regulate cell motility, structure, and integrity. The ubiquitous expression of beta-actin in all eukaryotic cells makes it both a historical and heavily-used internal quantitative control for protein comparative assays, as can be seen in the scientific literature and publication records.

MMP2 is an extracellular matrix degradative peptidase enzyme that belongs to the large family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which each have different substrate specificities. Aberrant or derailed expression of various MMPs through loss of negative checks is strongly associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as compared to tightly controlled physiological processes such as tissue remodeling, rebuilding, and embryonic development.

TREM1 is pro-inflammatory gene that stimulates neutrophil and monocyte-mediated inflammatory responses. This protein is highly expressed in adult liver, lung and spleen. It is also present in the lymph node, spinal cord and heart tissues. TREM-1 plays a critical role in acute inflammatory responses to bacteria. In organs such as the liver, damage occurring due to irritants such as alcohol causes TREM-1 to amplify the inflammatory response by mediating a signalling pathway.

AH receptor-interacting protein (AIP) is a 37 kD immunophilin-like factor found in a variety of tissues with expression levels ranging from high (spleen, thymus, pituitary heart, placenta and skeletal muscle) to low (liver, kidney and lung). It mediates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling either through ligand receptivity and/or modulating nuclear targeting and has been shown to bind to both the AhR itself as well as the AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT).

ABCA1 is a key gatekeeper influencing intracellular cholesterol transport, and is an important member of a multifamily of cAMP-dependent anion transporter cell membrane proteins that regulate reverse cholesterol efflux from cells in peripheral tissues to apolipoprotein A1. ABCA1 has a wide expression profile with highest expression levels found in macrophages.