Dkk-4 Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 350]

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Alexa Fluor 350

Dkk-4 Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 350] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Dkk-4
  Leu19-Leu224
  Accession # Q9UBT3
• Specificity: Detects human Dkk-4 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) Dkk‑1, rhDkk‑3, and recombinant mouse Dkk‑3 is observed.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Western Blot

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Protect from light. Do not freeze. 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied
• Buffer: Supplied 0.2mg/ml in 1X PBS with RDF1 and 0.09% Sodium Azide

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Dkk-4 Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 350]

• dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 4
• dickkopf homolog 4 (Xenopus laevis)
• dickkopf-4
• dickkopf-related protein 4
• Dkk4
• Dkk-4
• hDkk-4
• MGC129562
• MGC129563

Background

Dickkopf related protein 4 (Dkk-4) is a member of the Dkk protein family that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, and -4 (1). All four members are secreted proteins that are synthesized as precursor proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide and 2 conserved cysteine-rich domains, which are separated by a linker region. Dkk proteins have potential furin type proteolytic cleavage sites, and short forms of Dkk-2 and Dkk-4 containing only the second cysteine-rich domain can be generated by proteolytic processing (1). Dkk proteins have distinct patterns of expression in adult and embryonic tissues, suggesting that they may play diverse roles in these tissues.

The Dkk proteins have distinct effects on Wnt signaling. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are Wnt antagonists. Dkk-3 has not been demonstrated to affect Wnt signaling, and Dkk-2 acts as an agonist or antagonist, depending on the cellular context. Wnt signaling regulates many important developmental processes including neural crest differentiation, brain development, kidney morphogenesis, and sex determination. In addition, Wnt signaling has also been implicated in tumor formation. Canonical Wnt signaling via the beta-catenin pathway is transduced by a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins (Fz) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor‑related proteins (LRP5/6) (2, 3). Unlike many soluble Wnt antagonists that function by binding extracellular Wnt ligands to prevent interaction of Wnt with the Fz‑LRP5/6 receptor complex, Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 antagonize Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by direct high-affinity binding to the Wnt coreceptor LRP5/6 and inhibiting interaction of LRP5/6 with the Wnt-Frizzled complex (4). Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 also bind the transmembrane proteins Kremen1 (Krm1) and Krm2 with high-affinity (5). Krm2 has been shown to form a ternary complex with Dkk-1 or -4 and LRP5/6 to trigger internalization of the complex and removal of LRP6 from the cell surface. Thus, Dkk-1/4 and Kremens function synergistically to antagonize LRP5/6-mediated Wnt activity. Dkk-2 also binds to LRP5/6 and the Kremens, but Dkk-2 acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway only in the presence of Krm2 (5, 6). Dkk-2 binding to LRP5/6 in the absence of Krm2 activates rather than inhibits Wnt signalling (6).

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.