Dkk-3 Antibody [Biotin]

Dkk‑3 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human lung using Goat Anti-Human Dkk‑3 Biotinylated Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # BAF1118) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Dkk-3 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human lung array using Goat Anti-Human Dkk-3 Biotinylated Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # BAF1118) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Lower panel shows a lack of labeling if primary antibodies are omitted and tissue is stained only with secondary antibody followed by incubation with detection reagents. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: IHC, ELISA(Det)
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Biotin
• Concentration: LYOPH

Dkk-3 Antibody [Biotin] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Dkk-3
  Ala22-Ile350
  Accession # Q9UBP4
• Specificity: Detects human Dkk‑3 in ELISAs. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 0.1% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) Dkk-1, rmDkk-3, rmDkk-4, recombinant human (rh) Dkk-1, and rhDkk-4 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: DKK3
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 2-8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Capture: Human Dkk-3 Antibody (Catalog # MAB11181)
  ELISA Detection: Human Dkk-3 Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF1118)
  Standard: Recombinant Human Dkk-3 (Catalog # 1118-DK)
• Readout System:
  • Streptavidin Native Protein NBP2-29367
  • Streptavidin Native Protein NBP2-29370
  • Streptavidin Native Protein NBP2-29371

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and NaCl with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Dkk-3 Antibody [Biotin]

• dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 3
• dickkopf 3
• dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)
• Dickkopf-3
• dickkopf-related protein 3
• Dkk3
• Dkk-3
• hDkk-3
• regulated in glioma
• REIC
• REICdkk-3
• RIG
• RIG-like 5-6
• RIG-like 7-1

Background

Dkk-3, also known as REIC (Reduced Expansion in Immortalized Cells), is one of four numbered members of the Dickkopf family of Wnt antagonists (1). Dkk-3 is a secreted monomer expressed in many normal human tissues, most strongly in heart, brain and spinal cord (1, 2), and during early embryonic development in the mouse (3). N-glycosylation at up to four sites preceding or between two conserved cysteine-rich motifs results in expression of a 45-65 kDa glycoprotein (1, 4). The cysteine-rich motifs contain 10 cysteines each, with prokineticin and colipase families containing sequences similar to those of the second motif (1, 5). Human Dkk-3 shows 82%, 88%, 85%, and 53% amino acid (aa) identity with mouse, bovine, canine, and chick Dkk-3, respectively, and 37-45% aa identity with other human Dkk family members. Several lines of evidence implicate Dkk-3 as a negative growth regulator. Dkk-3 is downregulated in many tumors as compared to normal cells, sometimes by loss of heterozygosity (4, 6). Downregulation by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is correlated with faster progression and shorter survival (7). Release of cultured cells from serum starvation results in downregulation of Dkk-3 in late G1 phase of the cell cycle (6). Over-expression of Dkk‑3 results in tumor cell-line-specific growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and decreased tumorigenicity in nude mice (2, 4, 6). The prototype Dickkopf member, Dkk-1, antagonizes Wnt family signaling by binding to Wnt receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins) and promoting their internalization (1, 9, 10). Results are less straightforward for Dkk-3, where some studies show binding to LRP5/6 while others do not. These effects appear to be dependent on the cells and conditions used (1, 6-10).

1. Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.
2. Tsuji, T. et al. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 268:20.
3. Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064.
4. Hsieh, S.-Y. et al. (2004) Oncogene 23:9183.
5. Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582.
6. Tsuji, T. et al. (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 289:257.
7. Roman-Gomez, J. et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 91:707.
8. Hoang, B.H. et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64:2734.
9. Caricasole, A. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:37024.
10. Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Dkk-3 Antibody (BAF1118)(3)

Publications using BAF1118

• I Tom, VC Pham, KJ Katschke, W Li, WC Liang, J Gutierrez, A Ah Young, I Figueroa, ST Eshghi, CV Lee, J Kanodia, SJ Snipas, GS Salvesen, P Lai, L Honigberg, M van Looker, D Kirchhofer, A Baruch, JR Lill Development of a therapeutic anti-HtrA1 antibody and the identification of DKK3 as a pharmacodynamic biomarker in geographic atrophy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2020-04-28;117(18):9952-9963. 2020-04-28 [PMID: 32345717] (Western Blot, Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey), Rabbit)
• Christoph Zenzmaier, Martin Heitz, Helmut Klocker, Marion Buck, Robert A Gardiner, Peter Berger Elevated levels of Dickkopf-related protein 3 in seminal plasma of prostate cancer patients Journal of Translational Medicine 2011-12-01 [PMID: 22071168]
• Zenzmaier C, Marksteiner J, Kiefer A, Berger P, Humpel C Dkk-3 is elevated in CSF and plasma of Alzheimer's disease patients. J. Neurochem., 2009-05-11;110(2):653-61. 2009-05-11 [PMID: 19457090] (ELISA Development, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: DKK3
• Uniprot:
  • Q9UBP4()