Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of D3 mouse embryonic stem cell line, MEF mouse embryonic feeder cells, and mouse embryo tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Mouse Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2910) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109). Specific bands were detected for Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL at approximately 75-80 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells were stained with Goat Anti-Mouse Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2910, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # AB‑108‑C, open histogram), followed by Phycoerythrin-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0107).

Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL was detected in immersion fixed rat mesenchymal stem cells using Goat Anti-Mouse Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2910) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cell surfaces and cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips.

Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL was detected in immersion fixed frozen sections of mouse embryonic (E13.5) developing vertebra using Goat Anti-Mouse Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL Antigen Affinity-purified Poly­clonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2910) at 2 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained red and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Image courtesy of Paul J. Simmons, Ph.D., Director, Center for Stem Cell Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. View our protocol for Fluorescent IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: WB, Flow, IHC, IP, CyTOF-ready, ICC/IF
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant mouse Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL
  Phe18-Gly503
  Accession # P09242
• Specificity: Detects mouse Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: ALPL
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • CyTOF-ready
  • Flow Cytometry 2.5 ug/10^6 cells
  • Immunocytochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Immunoprecipitation 25 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 6 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL Antibody [Unconjugated]

• Akp2
• Alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney isozyme
• alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney
• alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme
• alkaline phosphomonoesterase
• ALPL
• APTNAP
• AP-TNAP
• EC 3.1.3.1
• FLJ40094
• FLJ93059
• glycerophosphatase
• HOPS
• liver/bone/kidney-type alkaline phosphatase
• MGC161443
• tissue-nonspecific ALP
• TNAP
• TNSALP
• TNSALPMGC167935

Background

Several distinct genes encode alkaline phosphatases (APs) in mice with different tissue-specific expression patterns. The Alpl gene, also known as Akp2, encodes the liver/bone/kidney isozyme, also known as the tissue-nonspecific AP (TNAP) (1). The Alpl gene is a key regulator of bone mineralization in mice (2). A variety of mutations in the human ALPL gene leads to different forms of hypophosphatasia, characterized by poorly mineralized cartilage and bones (3). The native ALPL is a glycosylated homodimer attached to the membrane through a GPI-anchor. The C-terminal pro peptide (residues 504 to 524) is not present in the mature form.

1. Terao, M. and B. Mintz (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7051.
2. Hessle, L. et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:9445.
3. Di Mauro, S. et al. (2002) J. Bone Miner. Res. 17:1383.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Alkaline Phosphatase/ALPL Antibody (AF2910)(44)

Publications using AF2910

• Moskowitzova, K;Naus, AE;Kycia, I;Dang, TT;Shroff, YV;Bletsas, E;Mullin, K;Zurakowski, D;Fauza, DO; Comparative Effects on Fetal Hematopoiesis and Placental Inflammation From Mesenchymal and Hematopoietic Stem Cells as Agents of Transamniotic Stem Cell Therapy (TRASCET) in a Syngeneic Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Journal of pediatric surgery 2024-03-15 [PMID: 38575446] (Flow Cytometry, Rat)
• Arend W. Overeem, Yolanda W. Chang, Ioannis Moustakas, Celine M. Roelse, Sanne Hillenius, Talia Van Der Helm et al. Efficient and scalable generation of primordial germ cells in 2D culture using basement membrane extract overlay Cell Reports Methods 2023-06-26 [PMID: 37426764] (Immunocytochemistry, Human)
• Yu, Y;Rong, K;Yao, D;Zhang, Q;Cao, X;Rao, B;Xia, Y;Lu, Y;Shen, Y;Yao, Y;Xu, H;Ma, P;Cao, Y;Qin, A; The structural pathology for hypophosphatasia caused by malfunctional tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase Nature communications 2023-07-08 [PMID: 37422472] (Western Blot, Human)
• Sun, L;Zhang, X;Wu, S;Liu, Y;Guerrero-Juarez, CF;Liu, W;Huang, J;Yao, Q;Yin, M;Li, J;Ramos, R;Liao, Y;Wu, R;Xia, T;Zhang, X;Yang, Y;Li, F;Heng, S;Zhang, W;Yang, M;Tzeng, CM;Ji, C;Plikus, MV;Gallo, RL;Zhang, LJ; Dynamic interplay between IL-1 and WNT pathways in regulating dermal adipocyte lineage cells during skin development and wound regeneration Cell reports 2023-06-16 [PMID: 37330908]
• Can Wang, Qin Zhao, Chen Chen, Jiaojiao Li, Jing Zhang, Shuyuan Qu et al. CD301b+ macrophage: the new booster for activating bone regeneration in periodontitis treatment International Journal of Oral Science 2023-05-17 [PMID: 37198150]
• Madison L. Doolittle, Dominik Saul, Japneet Kaur, Jennifer L. Rowsey, Stephanie J. Vos, Kevin D. Pavelko et al. Multiparametric senescent cell phenotyping reveals CD24 osteolineage cells as targets of senolytic therapy in the aged murine skeleton bioRxiv 2023-05-07 [PMID: 36711531] (CyTof, Mouse)
• Z Awida, S Hiram-Bab, A Bachar, H Saed, D Zyc, A Gorodov, N Ben-Califa, S Omari, J Omar, L Younis, JA Iden, L Graniewitz, I Gluzman, T Liron, B Raphael-Mi, A Kolomansky, M Rauner, B Wielockx, Y Gabet, D Neumann Erythropoietin Receptor (EPOR) Signaling in the Osteoclast Lineage Contributes to EPO-Induced Bone Loss in Mice International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-10-10;23(19):. 2022-10-10 [PMID: 36233351] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• E Puissant, F Gilis, V Tevel, JM Vandeweerd, B Flamion, M Jadot, M Boonen Hyaluronidase 1 deficiency decreases bone mineral density in mice Oncogene, 2022-06-16;12(1):10142. 2022-06-16 [PMID: 35710820] (IHC, Mouse)
• S Lin, S Yin, J Shi, G Yang, X Wen, W Zhang, M Zhou, X Jiang Orchestration of energy metabolism and osteogenesis by Mg2+ facilitates low-dose BMP-2-driven regeneration Bioactive materials, 2022-03-24;18(0):116-127. 2022-03-24 [PMID: 35387176] (IHC, Mouse)
• Y Chen, H Wang, Q Yang, W Zhao, Y Chen, Q Ni, W Li, J Shi, W Zhang, L Li, Y Xu, H Zhang, D Miao, L Xing, W Sun Single-cell RNA landscape of the osteoimmunology microenvironment in periodontitis Theranostics, 2022-01-01;12(3):1074-1096. 2022-01-01 [PMID: 35154475] (IHC, Human)
• Z Awida, A Bachar, H Saed, A Gorodov, N Ben-Califa, M Ibrahim, A Kolomansky, JA Iden, L Graniewitz, T Liron, S Hiram-Bab, M Brines, Y Gabet, D Neumann The Non-Erythropoietic EPO Analogue Cibinetide Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro and Increases Bone Mineral Density in Mice International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-12-21;23(1):. 2021-12-21 [PMID: 35008482] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• LS Chen, M Zhang, P Chen, XF Xiong, PQ Liu, HB Wang, JJ Wang, J Shen The m6A demethylase FTO promotes the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells by downregulating PPARG Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2021-08-30;0(0):. 2021-08-30 [PMID: 34462564] (IHC, Mouse)
• Y Sun, JF Rahbani, MP Jedrychows, CL Riley, S Vidoni, D Bogoslavsk, B Hu, PA Dumesic, X Zeng, AB Wang, NH Knudsen, CR Kim, A Marasciull, JL Millán, ET Chouchani, L Kazak, BM Spiegelman Mitochondrial TNAP controls thermogenesis by hydrolysis of phosphocreatine Nature, 2021-05-12;0(0):. 2021-05-12 [PMID: 33981039] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Ilia A. Droujinine, Amanda S. Meyer, Dan Wang, Namrata D. Udeshi, Yanhui Hu, David Rocco et al. Proteomics of protein trafficking by in vivo tissue-specific labeling Nature Communications 2021-04-22 [PMID: 33888706] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• X Yang, F Zhou, P Yuan, G Dou, X Liu, S Liu, X Wang, R Jin, Y Dong, J Zhou, Y Lv, Z Deng, S Liu, X Chen, Y Han, Y Jin T cell-depleting nanoparticles ameliorate bone loss by reducing activated T cells and regulating the Treg/Th17 balance Bioactive materials, 2021-03-10;6(10):3150-3163. 2021-03-10 [PMID: 33778195] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Liangcong Hu, Jing Liu, Hang Xue, Adriana C. Panayi, Xudong Xie, Ze Lin et al. miRNA-92a-3p regulates osteoblast differentiation in patients with concomitant limb fractures and TBI via IBSP/PI3K-AKT inhibition Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 2021-03-05 [PMID: 33717654]
• S Yu, J Guo, Z Sun, C Lin, H Tao, Q Zhang, Y Cui, H Zuo, Y Lin, S Chen, H Liu, Z Chen BMP2-dependent gene regulatory network analysis reveals Klf4 as a novel transcription factor of osteoblast differentiation Cell Death & Disease, 2021-02-19;12(2):197. 2021-02-19 [PMID: 33608506] (IHC, Mouse)
• Jukka Pajarinen, Tzuhua Lin, Akira Nabeshima, Taishi Sato, Emmanuel Gibon, Eemeli Jämsen et al. Interleukin‐4 repairs wear particle induced osteolysis by modulating macrophage polarization and bone turnover Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 2021-08-01 [PMID: 33340244] (Immunohistochemistry, Mouse)
• S Takeyari, T Kubota, Y Ohata, M Fujiwara, T Kitaoka, Y Taga, K Mizuno, K Ozono 4-phenylbutyric acid enhances the mineralization of osteogenesis imperfecta iPSC-derived osteoblasts J Biol Chem, 2020-11-23;0(0):. 2020-11-23 [PMID: 33154166] (Western Blot, Human)
• L Zhang, M Qi, J Chen, J Zhao, L Li, J Hu, Y Jin, W Liu Impaired autophagy triggered by HDAC9 in mesenchymal stem cells accelerates bone mass loss Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020-07-03;11(1):269. 2020-07-03 [PMID: 32620134] (Western Blot, Human)
• Xinyu Qiu, Jin Liu, Chenxi Zheng, Yuting Su, Lili Bao, Bin Zhu et al. Exosomes released from educated mesenchymal stem cells accelerate cutaneous wound healing via promoting angiogenesis Cell Proliferation 2020-08-01 [PMID: 32608556]
• G Voicu, D Rebleanu, CA Constantin, EV Fuior, L Ciortan, I Droc, CM Uritu, M Pinteala, I Manduteanu, M Simionescu, M Calin Nano-Polyplexes Mediated Transfection of Runx2-shRNA Mitigates the Osteodifferentiation of Human Valvular Interstitial Cells Pharmaceutics, 2020-06-02;12(6):. 2020-06-02 [PMID: 32498305] (Western Blot, Human)
• Leire Casas-Fraile, Frederique M. Cornelis, Domiziana Costamagna, Anabel Rico, Robin Duelen, Maurilio M. Sampaolesi et al. Frizzled related protein deficiency impairs muscle strength, gait and calpain 3 levels Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2020-12-01 [PMID: 32448375]
• MB Chen, AC Yang, H Yousef, D Lee, W Chen, N Schaum, B Lehallier, SR Quake, T Wyss-Coray Brain Endothelial Cells Are Exquisite Sensors of Age-Related Circulatory Cues Cell Rep, 2020-03-31;30(13):4418-4432.e4. 3/31/2020 [PMID: 32234477]
• Eric Engelbrecht, Michel V Levesque, Liqun He, Michael Vanlandewijck, Anja Nitzsche, Hira Niazi et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate-regulated transcriptomes in heterogenous arterial and lymphatic endothelium of the aorta eLife 2020-02-24 [PMID: 32091396]
• X Sun, B Wei, Z Peng, X Chen, Q Fu, C Wang, J Zhen, J Sun A polysaccharide from the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. prevents ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in rats J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2020-02-17;0(0):. 2020-02-17 [PMID: 32065504] (Rat)
• Qiushi Wei, Bin Wang, Hailan Hu, Chuhai Xie, Long Ling, Jianliang Gao et al. Icaritin promotes the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the regulation of sclerostin expression International Journal of Molecular Medicine 2020-01-20 [PMID: 31985018] (Western Blot, Human)
• L Yin, ZX Zhou, M Shen, N Chen, F Jiang, SL Wang The Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hAMSCs) Improve the Implant Osseointegration and Bone Regeneration in Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation in Rabbits Stem Cells Int, 2019-12-11;2019(0):9845497. 2019-12-11 [PMID: 31885631] (ICC, Human)
• T Kazi, I Niibe, A Nishikawa, T Matsuzaki Optimal stimulation toward the dermal papilla lineage can be promoted by combined use of osteogenic and adipogenic inducers FEBS Open Bio, 2019-12-28;0(0):. 2019-12-28 [PMID: 31730301] (ICC, Mouse)
• N Charoenpha, R Aeimlapa, S Sooksawanw, J Thongbunch, J Teerapornp, S Svasti, K Wongdee Responses of primary osteoblasts and osteoclasts from hemizygous beta-globin knockout thalassemic mice with elevated plasma glucose to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Sci Rep, 2019-09-27;9(1):13963. 2019-09-27 [PMID: 31562377] (ICC, Mouse)
• W Liu, L Zhang, K Xuan, C Hu, L Li, Y Zhang, F Jin, Y Jin Alkaline Phosphatase Controls Lineage Switching of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Regulating the LRP6/GSK3? Complex in Hypophosphatasia Theranostics, 2018-11-09;8(20):5575-5592. 2018-11-09 [PMID: 30555565] (ICC, IHC-P, Human)
• MJ Carr, JS Toma, APW Johnston, PE Steadman, SA Yuzwa, N Mahmud, PW Frankland, DR Kaplan, FD Miller Mesenchymal Precursor Cells in Adult Nerves Contribute to Mammalian Tissue Repair and Regeneration Cell Stem Cell, 2018-11-29;0(0):. 2018-11-29 [PMID: 30503141] (IHC, Mouse)
• RM Sterner, KN Kremer, A Dudakovic, JJ Westendorf, AJ van Wijnen, KE Hedin Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Is Required for MC3T3 Osteoblast-Mediated Protection of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells from Apoptosis J. Immunol., 2018-06-18;0(0):. 2018-06-18 [PMID: 29914885] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• G Giovannell, G Giacomazzi, H Grosemans, M Sampaolesi Morphological and functional analyses of skeletal muscles from an immunodeficient animal model of limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2E Muscle Nerve, 2018-02-24;0(0):. 2018-02-24 [PMID: 29476695] (IHC-Fr, Mouse)
• DL Coutu, KD Kokkaliari, L Kunz, T Schroeder Multicolor quantitative confocal imaging cytometry Nat. Methods, 2017-11-13;15(1):39-46. 2017-11-13 [PMID: 29320487] (IHC, Mouse)
• M Katsuyama, M Demura, H Katsuyama, H Tanii, K Saijoh Genistein and menaquinone-4 treatment-induced alterations in the expression of mRNAs and their products are beneficial to osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell functions Mol Med Rep, 2017-05-25;0(0):. 5/25/2017 [PMID: 28560445]
• Arjun Deb Cardiac Fibroblasts Adopt Osteogenic Fates and Can Be Targeted to Attenuate Pathological Heart Calcification Cell Stem Cell, 2016-11-17;0(0):. 2016-11-17 [PMID: 27867037] (IHC, Mouse)
• Defang Li, Jin Liu, Baosheng Guo, Chao Liang, Lei Dang, Cheng Lu et al. Osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-214-3p inhibits osteoblastic bone formation Nature Communications 2016-03-07 [PMID: 26947250]
• Masaki Ishikawa, Geneva L. Williams, Tomoko Ikeuchi, Kiyoshi Sakai, Satoshi Fukumoto, Yoshihiko Yamada Pannexin 3 and connexin 43 modulate skeletal development through their distinct functions and expression patterns Journal of Cell Science 2016-03-01 [PMID: 26759176] (Immunohistochemistry, Mouse)
• Weiqun Yu Polarized ATP distribution in urothelial mucosal and serosal space is differentially regulated by stretch and ectonucleotidases American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2015-11-15 [PMID: 26336160]
• Ping-Hsing Tsai, Yueh Chien, Jen-Hua Chuang, Shih-Jie Chou, Chian-Hsu Chien, Ying-Hsiu Lai et al. Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Functions and Osteogenic Differentiation in Cisd2-Deficient Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Stem Cells and Development 2015-11-01 [PMID: 26230298]
• Yoshizaki , Keigo, Hu , Lizhi, Nguyen , Thai, Sakai , Kiyoshi, He , Bing, Fong , Chak, Yamada , Yoshihik, Bikle , Daniel D, Oda , Yuko Ablation of coactivator Med1 switches the cell fate of dental epithelia to that generating hair. PLoS ONE, 2014-06-20;9(6):e99991. 2014-06-20 [PMID: 24949995] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• Isaac , J, Erthal , J, Gordon , J, Duverger , O, Sun , H-W, Lichtler , A C, Stein , G S, Lian , J B, Morasso , M I DLX3 regulates bone mass by targeting genes supporting osteoblast differentiation and mineral homeostasis in vivo. Cell Death Differ, 2014-06-20;21(9):1365-76. 2014-06-20 [PMID: 24948010] (IHC, Mouse)
• Liedert A, Mattausch L, Rontgen V, Blakytny R, Vogele D, Pahl M, Bindl R, Neunaber C, Schinke T, Harroch S, Amling M, Ignatius A Midkine-deficiency increases the anabolic response of cortical bone to mechanical loading. Bone, 2010-12-23;48(4):945-51. 2010-12-23 [PMID: 21185956] (Western Blot, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: ALPL
• Uniprot:
  • P09242()