Human, Mouse, Rat AKT1/2 [p Ser473, p Ser474] ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

ELISA: Human, Mouse, Rat AKT1/2 [p Ser473, p Ser474] ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) [NBP2-61397] - AKT ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) [NBP2-61397] - These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.

Product Discontinued

Human, Mouse, Rat AKT1/2 [p Ser473, p Ser474] ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) Summary

• Modification: p Ser473, p Ser474
• Specificity: This product has been tested with AKT1 - Ser473 and AKT2 - Ser474. Possible Cross Reactivity listed below: Inactive Akt1 0.05% Inactive Akt3 <0.03% p38a, inactive 0.17% ERK1, inactive <0.03% ERK2, inactive <0.03% JNK1, inactive <0.03%
• Standard Curve Range: 17.5 - 560 pg/ml
• Sensitivity: 5.5 pg/ml
• Inter-Assay: Mean 9.7%
• Intra-Assay: Mean 9.4%
• Spike Recovery: Jurkat Cells - 97%
  3T3 Cells - 90%
  C6 Cells - 100%
• Sample Volume: 100 uL
• Kit Type: ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
• Gene: AKT1

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4°C.

Alternate Names for Human, Mouse, Rat AKT1/2 [p Ser473, p Ser474] ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

• AKT
• EC 2.7.11
• EC 2.7.11.1
• PKBMGC99656
• PRKBA
• Protein kinase B
• Proto-oncogene c-Akt
• rac protein kinase alpha
• RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
• RAC-ALPHA
• RAC-PK-alpha
• RACPKB-ALPHA
• v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1

Background

AKT (also known as protein kinase B (PKB) and RAC (related to A and C kinases)) is a critical intracellular serine/threonine kinase that translates signals from extracellular stimuli including growth factors, cytokines and neurotransmitters1. AKT signaling plays critical roles in cell growth, proliferation, survival and differentiation1. It is also involved in organogenesis, angiogenesis and metabolism. Three mammalian AKT isoforms have been identified. The AKT pathway can be activated by any of the three members who share a high level of protein homology but are independently encoded by AKT1 (PKB alpha; 14q32.32), AKT2 (PKB beta; 19q13.2), or AKT3 (PKB gamma; 1q44)1,2. Each AKT family member contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a central kinase domain, and a C-terminal regulatory domain. AKT mediates many of the downstream events of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), a lipid kinase activated by growth factors, cytokines and insulin. PI3-K recruits AKT to the membrane, where it is activated by PDK1 phosphorylation. AKT has two main phosphorylation sites (Ser473 and Thr308, predicted molecular weight 56kD)3,4. Once phosphorylated, AKT dissociates from the membrane and phosphorylates targets in the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

The main function of AKT is to control inhibition of apoptosis and promote cell proliferation. Survival factors can activate AKT Ser473 and Thr308 phosphorylation sites in a transcription-independent manner, resulting in the inactivation of apoptotic signaling transduction through the tumor suppressor PTEN, an antagonist to PI3-K5. PTEN exerts enzymatic activity as a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) phosphatase, opposing PI3K activity by increasing availability of PIP3 to proliferating cells, leading to overexpression and inappropriate activation of AKT noted in many types of cancer.

AKT1 function has been linked to overall physiological growth and function2. AKT1 has been correlated with proteus syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by overgrowth of various tissues caused by a mosaic variant in the AKT1 gene in humans.AKT2 is strongly correlated with Type II diabetes, including phenotypes of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis2,6.

The function of AKT3 is specifically associated to brain development, where disruptions to AKT3 are correlated with microcephaly, hemimegalencephaly, megalencephaly and intellectual disabilities2.

References

1. Ersahin, T., Tuncbag, N., & Cetin-Atalay, R. (2015). The PI3K/AKT/mTOR interactive pathway. Mol Biosyst, 11(7), 1946-1954. doi:10.1039/c5mb00101c

2. Cohen, M. M., Jr. (2013). The AKT genes and their roles in various disorders. Am J Med Genet A, 161a(12), 2931-2937. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36101

3. Georgescu, M. M. (2010). PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control. Genes Cancer, 1(12), 1170-1177. doi:10.1177/1947601911407325

4. Mishra, P., Paital, B., Jena, S., Swain, S. S., Kumar, S., Yadav, M. K., . . . Samanta, L. (2019). Possible activation of NRF2 by Vitamin E/Curcumin against altered thyroid hormone induced oxidative stress via NFkB/AKT/mTOR/KEAP1 signalling in rat heart. Sci Rep, 9(1), 7408. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43320-5

5. Wedel, S., Hudak, L., Seibel, J. M., Juengel, E., Oppermann, E., Haferkamp, A., & Blaheta, R. A. (2011). Critical analysis of simultaneous blockage of histone deacetylase and multiple receptor tyrosine kinase in the treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate, 71(7), 722-735. doi:10.1002/pros.21288

6. Rotllan, N., Chamorro-Jorganes, A., Araldi, E., Wanschel, A. C., Aryal, B., Aranda, J. F., . . . Fernandez-Hernando, C. (2015). Hematopoietic Akt2 deficiency attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis. Faseb j, 29(2), 597-610. doi:10.1096/fj.14-262097

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. ELISA Kits are guaranteed for 6 months from date of receipt.

FAQs for AKT1/2 ELISA Kit (NBP2-61397). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQ).

1. What is the difference between the Quantikine and Duoset ELISA kits?
   • Our Quantikine kits are fully optimized and validated for the sample types listed on the product specific webpage and datasheet, as this can vary between kits. Each kit is supplied ready to use with one pre-coated 96-well plate, a detection antibody directly conjugated to HRP, and all other necessary reagents. These kits are ideal for researchers who want the convenience of a ready to use and optimized ELISA product. Some of these kits are also available prepackaged in larger 6 and 50 plate sizes.Our DuoSet Kits, in contrast, are ELISA development kits containing the capture and detection antibody, the mass-value calibrated standard, and streptavidin-HRP to prepare approximately 5 or 15 plates. Ancillary reagents will need to be used/purchased, and for most kits, we will recommend one of our Ancillary Reagent Kits, which contain the reagents we use ourselves in-house. DuoSet kits are validated only for cell culture supernatant samples and therefore require further development and validation for accurate measurement in more complex samples such as serum and plasma. Our DuoSet Kits offer an economical, flexible alternative for the experienced ELISA user.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: AKT1