TDO2 Antibody (998604) [Unconjugated]

TDO2 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human liver using Mouse Anti-Human TDO2 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB9768) at 5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Mouse IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC001). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm in hepatocytes. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line was stained with Mouse Anti-Human TDO2 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB9768, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # MAB0041, open histogram), followed by Allophycocyanin-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0101B). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with saponin. View our protocol for Staining Intracellular Molecules.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: IHC, CyTOF-ready, Flow
• Clone: 998604
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated

TDO2 Antibody (998604) [Unconjugated] Summary

• Additional Information: Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
• Immunogen: E. coli-derived human TDO2
  Leu18-Phe388
  Accession # P48775
• Specificity: Detects human TDO2 in direct ELISAs.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG2b
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • CyTOF-ready
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-25 ug/mL
  • Intracellular Staining by Flow Cytometry 0.25 ug/10^6 cells

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for TDO2 Antibody (998604) [Unconjugated]

• chky
• TDO
• TDO2
• TDOTO
• TO
• TPH2EC 1.13.11.11
• TRPO
• TRPOtryptophanase
• Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase
• tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
• Tryptophan Oxygenase
• Tryptophan Pyrrolase
• Tryptophanase

Background

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), a heme-containing cytosolic dioxygenase, forms a homo-tetrameric active molecule of approximately 190 kDa composed of 48 kDa monomers (1, 2). Human TDO2 shares 89% aa sequence identity with mouse TDO2. TDO2 is one of three proteins capable of catalyzing the first and rate‑limiting step of the L-kynurenine pathway (KP): oxidative cleavage of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan to form N‑formyl‑kynurenine (3). TDO2 is a cytosolic protein typically localized to the liver and brain, unlike the more ubiquitously expressed indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), yet it is responsible for ~90% of the primary route of catabolism of tryptophan through the KP (3). TDO2 is upregulated in extrahepatic tumors (4-6) and is consequently a target in cancer immunotherapy (7). TDO2 is a therapeutic target in brain disease such as schizophrenia, Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis and glioma (8-11) due to its role in the regulation of levels of critical biologically active downstream KP metabolites (3). Polymorphisms in the TDO2 gene have been implicated for a role in behavioural responses and autism (12,13).

1. Lewis-Ballester, A. et al. (2016) Sci. Rep. 6:35169.
2. Rafice, S.A. et al. (2009) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 37:408.
3. Badawy, A. (2017) Int J. Tryptophan Res. 10:1.
4. Pilotte, L. et al. (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:2497.
5. D'Amato, N.C. et al. (2015) Cancer Res. 75:4651.
6. Yu, C.P et al. (2017) Med. Oncol. 34:73.
7. Platten, et al. (2015) Front. Immunol. 5:673.
8. Breda, C. et al. (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113:5435.
9. Yu, C.P. et al. (2016) Metab. Brain Dis. 31:737.
10. Lanz. T.V. et al. (2017) Sci. Rep. 7:41271.
11. Reus, G.Z. et al. (2018) Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 81:55.
12. Soichot, M. et al. (2013) Alcohol Alcohol 48:415.
13. Nabi, R. et al. (2004) Am. J. Med. Genet. B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 125B:63.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • P48775()