Recombinant Human sFRP-4 Protein

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human sFRP-4 Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to inhibit Wnt-3a-induced alkaline phosphatase production by MC3T3‑E1 mouse preosteoblast cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 4-20 µg/mL, in the presence of 10 ng/mL of Recombinant Mouse Wnt‑3a (Catalog # 1324-WN).
  Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived human sFRP-4 protein
  Ala22-Val346, with a C-terminal 10-His tag
• Accession #: ACC04617
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala22
• Structure / Form: Recombinant Human sFRP-4 is prone to proteolytic cleavage at C-terminus, therefore the poly-His tag at C-terminus may not be present in the preparation.
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: SFRP4
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Theoretical MW: 38.9 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 55 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 250 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human sFRP-4 Protein

• DDC-4
• Frizzled protein, human endometrium
• FRP-4
• FRP-AP
• frpHE
• FRPHEMGC26498
• FrzB2
• secreted frizzled-related protein 4
• secreted frizzled-related protein 4; secreted frizzled-related protein 4
• sFRP4
• sFRP-4

Background

Secreted Frizzled Related Proteins (sFRPs) are a family of vertebrate proteins which contain homology to the ligand-binding domain of the Frizzled family of transmembrane receptors. sFRPs are approximately 30-35 kDa in size and are comprised of 3 domains: a signal sequence; a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of about 110 amino acids (aa) with high degree of similarity to the Frizzled proteins, including 10 conserved cysteines; and a 175 aa conserved hydrophilic carboxy terminal region. Because sFRPs contain a CRD very similar to the region responsible for binding Wnt ligands in Frizzleds, sFRPs are thought to act as soluble antagonists of Wnt signals, often postulated to act as tumor suppressor genes (1).

sFRP-4, also known as DDC-4, FrpAP, frpHE and FrzB-2, is expressed in brain, kidney, lung, ovary, prostate, mammary gland, and endometrium (1, 2). This protein shows complex functions with respect to cell survival: it is up‑regulated with apoptosis during ovulation (3), regulates apoptosis in chondrocytes (4), and promotes apoptosis in mammary glands when expressed in transgenic mice (5). On the other hand, sFRP-4 can also act to enhance growth as it is up‑regulated in endometrial and breast carcinomas (6, 7). Since it is not detected in other carcinomas such as the ovary, colon, and pancreas, this suggest that its role in cancer is likely to be tissue dependent (6). In addition sFRP-4 is characterized as a circulating phosphaturic factor expressed by tumors associated with osteomalacia that antagonizes renal Wnt signaling (7). Of all the secreted frizzled related proteins, sFRP-4 is most closely related to sFRP-3 (1). Mouse and human sFRP-4 proteins share 92% aa identity.

1. Jones, S.E. and C. Jomary (2002) Bioessays 24:811.
2. Wolf, V. et al. (1997) FEBS Letters 417:385.
3. Drake, J.M. et al. (2003) Apoptosis 8:389.
4. James, I.E. et al. (2000) Osteoarthritis & Cartilage 8:452.
5. Lacher, M.D. et al. (2003) Cell Death Differ. 10:528.
6. Abu-Jawdeh, G. et al. (1999) Lab Investigation 79:439.
7. Wong, S.C.C. et al. (2002) J. Pathology 196:145.
8. Berndt, T. et al. (2003) J. Clin. Invest. 112:785.

Publications for sFRP-4 (1827-SF)(9)

Publications using 1827-SF

• D Gay, G Ghinatti, CF Guerrero-J, RA Ferrer, F Ferri, CH Lim, S Murakami, N Gault, V Barroca, I Rombeau, P Mauffrey, L Irbah, E Treffeisen, S Franz, A Boissonnas, C Combadière, M Ito, MV Plikus, PH Romeo Phagocytosis of Wnt inhibitor SFRP4 by late wound macrophages drives chronic Wnt activity for fibrotic skin healing Sci Adv, 2020;6(12):eaay3704. 2020 [PMID: 32219160] (Cell Culture, Mouse)
• A Deshmukh, F Arfuso, P Newsholme, A Dharmaraja Epigenetic demethylation of sFRPs, with emphasis on sFRP4 activation, leading to Wnt signalling suppression and histone modifications in breast, prostate, and ovary cancer stem cells Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 2019;109(0):23-32. 2019 [PMID: 30710752] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Deshmukh, F Arfuso, P Newsholme, A Dharmaraja Regulation of Cancer Stem Cell Metabolism by Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (sFRP4) Cancers (Basel), 2018;10(2):. 2018 [PMID: 29385093] (Bioassay, Human)
• AK Batsali, C Pontikoglo, D Koutroulak, KI Pavlaki, A Damianaki, I Mavroudi, K Alpantaki, E Kouvidi, G Kontakis, HA Papadaki Differential expression of cell cycle and WNT pathway-related genes accounts for differences in the growth and differentiation potential of Wharton&#039;s jelly and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells Stem Cell Res Ther, 2017;8(1):102. 2017 [PMID: 28446235] (Bioassay, Human)
• Conserved Senescence Associated Genes and Pathways in Primary Human Fibroblasts Detected by RNA-Seq PLoS ONE, 2016;11(5):e0154531. 2016 [PMID: 27140416] (Bioassay, Human)
• Bai J, Liu Z, Xu Z, Ke F, Zhang L, Zhu H, Lou F, Wang H, Fei Y, Shi Y, Wang H Epigenetic downregulation of SFRP4 contributes to epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis. J Immunol, 2015;194(9):4185-98. 2015 [PMID: 25825452] (Bioassay, Human)
• Tsai H, Deng W, Lai W, Chiu W, Yang C, Tsai Y, Hwang S, Renshaw P Wnts enhance neurotrophin-induced neuronal differentiation in adult bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. PLoS ONE, 2014;9(8):e104937. 2014 [PMID: 25170755] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 2012;487(7408):505-9. 2012 [PMID: 22763448] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wawrzak D, Metioui M, Willems E, Hendrickx M, de Genst E, Leyns L Wnt3a binds to several sFRPs in the nanomolar range. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007;357(4):1119-23. 2007 [PMID: 17462603] (Surface Plasmon Resonance, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: SFRP4
• Uniprot:
  • ACC04617()