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Gli1 was produced against a peptide corresponding to the carboxy-terminal region of the mouse Gli-1 protein. This region is not conserved among other gli family members, namely Gli-2 and Gli-3. Gli was termed by Kinzler et al. (1987) as 'glioma-associated oncogene' amplified in malignant gliomas. Analysis of the cloned gene demonstrates that the gene contains 5 repeats of zinc-finger sequences, which places gli in the family of Kruppel (Kr) zinc finger proteins. Northern analysis reveals that GLI is expressed in embryonal carcinoma cells but not in most adult tissue. GLI has been localized to 12q13-q14.3 by Southern blot analysis. On mouse the gene is located on chromosome 10. In mice, 3 zinc finger transcription factors, Gli-1, Gl-i2 and Gli-3, have been implicated in the transduction of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signal. In papillary epithelium, shh, gli1 and ptc all follow similar expression patterns. Gli1 expression is central and probably sufficient for tumor development in humans.