Antibody suppliers

Autophagy is a crucial cellular process that clears the cell of protein aggregates, toxins, and damaged cell products. Accumulation of toxins, damaged cell products and unwanted proteins has been proven to play a role in aging and many forms of disease and cancer.

Autophagy is a crucial intracellular pathway that manages the degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins in the cell. The LC3 (or light chain 3) family is composed of three members, LC3A, LC3B and LC3C. Upon autophagy induction, LC3 is cleaved, causing the release of a C-terminal glycine that is required for phospholipid conjugation.  This process is vital to the formation of the autophagosome, a double membrane structure that delivers proteins to the lysosome during autophagy.

1. Multicolor immunofluorescence staining is best carried out by sequentially incubating cells with unlabeled-primary and labeled-secondary antibodies. However when options are limited, it may also be performed by simultaneous incubation of cells with directly labelled primary antibodies.  
   

Our genome experiences a moderate amount of DNA damage in our cells on a daily basis.  This DNA damage can be in response to external environmental factors, or be a result of our internal metabolic processes going awry.  While normal rates of DNA damage are not an immense threat to our cell processes, DNA damage in critical genes can lead to a variety of disease, including cancer and tumor formation.   After induction of DNA damage (for example, in the form of double strand breaks), phosphorylation and recruitment of the H2AX protein occurs.  This phosphorylation produces gamma H2AX

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a protein that plays an essential role in hypoxia, or low levels of cellular oxygen.

"CRISPR", or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, is an ancient bacterial mechanism that prevents the invasion of foreign pathogens to a host organism.  Specifically, the CRISPR sequence has been identified as a single DNA sequence that is repeated with unique sequences (found to be that of viruses) in-between.  Thus, bacteria have created an environment that allows them to recognize and attack viruses in case of a re-invasion.  "Cas", or CRISPR-associate protein, is the second part of this defense mechanism, and is responsible for cutting t

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important oncogenic transcriptional factor that mediates tumor induced immune suppression.  Specifically, STAT3 transmits signals from cytokines and growth factor receptors in the plasma membrane (PM) to the nucleus, where they alter gene transcription.  Because of this transcriptional regulatory role, STAT3 also plays a part in regulating transcription of many critical genes that are involved in apoptosis, cell differentiation, immune response, tumor formation and more.  Using a

An epidemiological association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has long been established.  Interestingly, an increase in beta amyloid  (one hallmark of AD) directly following TBI has been observed.  In fact, it has been reported that with a greater level of TBI comes a higher risk of developing AD, or other neurodegenerative disorders, in the future.  Roberts et al first presented research that beta amyloid plaques found in TBI patients are very similar to those found in AD patients.

TRPM8, or transient receptor potential melastatin 8, is a nonselective cation channel that is activated by cold environments and menthol-like cooling compounds.  While TRPM8 is best known for its location in peripheral nerve endings, it has functionality both inside and out of the nervous system.  Within the nervous system, TRPM8 is responsible for our response to cold and or menthol like stimuli.  Our reaction to cold sensation is involved in a variety of processes and can be a part of reactions such as asthma.  Outside of the nervous system, TRPM8 has shown high expression in pro

Here at Bio-Techne we always look forward to the annual announcements of winners of the highly coveted Nobel Prize – the greatest award in science. How can you go about predicting which scientists might be in line for a life-changing phone-call from the Nobel Committee?

Well, looking at citations is one possible approach.