Antibody catalog

CD20 is a human B-lymphocyte surface molecule that spans the membrane four times and is expressed on both normal and malignant cells. The CD20 antigen displays a unique expression pattern among hematopoietic cells - it is present on human pre B-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes at all stages of maturation (except for plasma cells). Low CD20 antigen expression levels have been detected on normal T-lymphocytes. It functions as a B-cell activation receptor and B-lymphocyte development and differentiation agent, presumably through modulating intracellular calcium levels.

The SOX gene family encodes a group of highly conserved transcription factors defined by the presence of a conserved high motility group (HMG) DNA-binding domain. They are involved in embryonic development regulation and cell fate determination. All SOX proteins have a single HMG box and bind linear DNA in a sequence-specific manner, resulting in the bending of DNA through large angles. This bending opens the DNA helix for some distance, which may affect the binding and interactions of other transcription factors.

Cell death via apoptosis is a key cellular function triggered by the cell death receptor family and their ligands. This regulated process then transmits downstream signals through adaptor molecules ending with the caspase cysteine proteases. Caspase 11 has a heterotetrameric structure consisting of two anti-parallel heterodimers. Upon activation, it is cleaved by an autocatalytic mechanism to give rise to individual subunits. This post-translational regulation enables rapid activation. Expression levels of caspase 11 are highest in lung and spleen.

Notch1 is a member of the Notch family of Type 1 single-pass transmembrane proteins that share an extracellular domain of multiple epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. Notch family members play key roles in a variety of developmental processes via the regulation of cell fate. These processes include cell-fate determination, proliferation, and cell contact-dependent signaling. In Drosophila, notch interaction with its cell-bound ligands (delta, serrate) establishes a key development intercellular signaling pathway.

IL-33 is a member of the interleukin family of cytokines that regulates a wide variety of cellular functions. Its receptor is ST2, an IL-1 receptor family member that also acts as a negative regulator of TLR-IL-1R signaling and the IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). Receptor binding of IL-33 activates NF-kB and MAP kinases, stimulating downstream expression of TH2-associated cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6.

Beta-defensin 3 is a novel, non-hemolytic antimicrobial cationic peptide originally isolated from human lesional psoriatic scales and keratinocyte clones. It is a very small (2-6 kD) yet potent salt-insensitive broad spectrum antimicrobial that targets many pathogenic microbes such as multiresistant S. aureus, vancomyosin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses.

NUT has been found to fuse with bromodomain-containing proteins 3 and 4 (BRD3 and BRD4) in NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a very rare, extremely aggressive, and genetically defined human cancer. NMC has recently been designated as a sub classification of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. In the majority of NMCs (~75%), most of the coding sequence is fused to form chimeric genes that encode BRD-NUT fusion proteins.

VEGFR-2 is a family member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases. It is a key regulator of the process of angiogenesis that takes place during fundamental developmental processes such as embryogenesis, skeletal growth, and reproductive functions. Like other growth factor receptors, upon ligand binding, VEGFR2 dimerizes and is autophosphorylated on multiple tyrosine residues.

PABP is found complexed to the 3-prime poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNA and is required for poly(A) shortening, translation initiation, and possibly mRNA export and import. In humans, PABPs are small nuclear isoforms within a conserved gene family of at least 3 functional proteins: PABP1 (PABPC1), inducible PABP (iPABP, or PABPC4), and PABP3 (PABPC3). PABPs are of special interest because due to their high affinity for A-rich mRNA sequences, they are involved in all mRNA-dependent events.

Ep-CAM is a monomeric transmembrane glycoprotein that is found exclusively on every epithelial cell membrane and a variety of epithelial carcinomas and cancer-initiating cells. It mediates calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion. Because Ep-CAM is overexpressed in a variety of human carcinomas it is both a valuable marker as well as a potential therapeutic target for human solid tumors. The adhesion properties of this molecule marker are dependent upon its two epidermal growth factor-like repeats within its extracellular domain coupled with a cysteine-poor region.