VSTM4 Antibody (2694B) [Unconjugated]

VSTM4 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human thyroid using Rabbit Anti-Human VSTM4 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB107671) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Rabbit IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (VC003). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to epithelial cells. Staining was performed using our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: IHC
• Clone: 2694B
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Conjugate: Unconjugated

VSTM4 Antibody (2694B) [Unconjugated] Summary

• Additional Information: Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody.
• Immunogen: Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line CHO-derived human VSTM4
  Leu24-Tyr180
  Accession # Q8IW00-1
• Specificity: Detects human VSTM4 in direct ELISAs.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from cell culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry 3-25 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for VSTM4 Antibody (2694B) [Unconjugated]

• C10orf72
• FLJ31737
• hypothetical protein LOC196740
• V-set and transmembrane domain containing 4
• VSTM4

Background

V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 4 (VSTM4) is a single-pass type I membrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Human VSTM4 is synthesized as a 320 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 23 aa signal sequence, 157 aa extracellular region, 21 aa TM domain, and 119 aa cytoplasmic tail. In humans, part of the extracellular region is cleaved into a 50 aa secreted peptide (aa 55-104) compared to mouse, which is cleaved into a 49 aa peptide (aa 55-103) (1). Because of its role in enhancing L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (L-VGCC) currents in photoreceptors, this peptide was named peptide Lv (1). Peptide Lv is expressed in the central nervous system and a variety of organs including spleen, intestine, retina, and lung (1, 2). The peptide may have possible roles in regulating the cardiovascular system and L-VGCC dependent neural plasticity (1, 2). Human VSTM4 gene is located on chromosome 10, which may be linked to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (3). Down-regulation of VSTM4 increased tamoxifen sensitivity and suppressed growth in cultured breast cancer cells (4). Within the ECD, human VSTM4 shares 87% and 85% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat VSTM4, respectively. The biological functions of VSTM4 remain unknown. Our in-house data show that VSTM4 inhibits the human T cell activation, including anti-CD3 induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion, and T cell proliferation.

1. Shi, L. et al. (2012) PLoS. 7:e43091.
2. Shi, L. et al. (2015) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1853:1154.
3. Grupe, A. et al. (2006) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78:78.
4. Mendes-Pereira, A. et al. (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109:2730.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • Q8IW00-1()