Pleiotrophin/PTN Antibody (851407) [Alexa Fluor® 532]

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: ELISA
• Clone: 851407
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Rat
• Conjugate: Alexa Fluor 532

Pleiotrophin/PTN Antibody (851407) [Alexa Fluor® 532] Summary

• Immunogen: S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived recombinant human Pleiotrophin/PTN
  Gly33-Asp168
  Accession # P21246
• Specificity: Detects human Pleotrophin/PTN in direct ELISAs.
• Isotype: IgG2a
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Rat
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Protect from light. Do not freeze. 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied
• Buffer: Supplied 0.2mg/ml in 1X PBS with RDF1 and 0.09% Sodium Azide

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Pleiotrophin/PTN Antibody (851407) [Alexa Fluor® 532]

• HARP
• HBBM
• HB-GAM
• HBGF8
• HBNF
• HBNF1
• HBNF-1
• Heparin-binding brain mitogen
• HNGF-8
• NEGF1HBGF-8
• neurite growth-promoting factor 1
• neurite growth-promoting factor1)
• OSF-1
• Osteoblast-specific factor 1
• Pleiotrophin
• PTN

Background

Pleiotrophin (PTN), also called heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM), heparin-binding neurotrophic factor (HBNF), heparin-affinity regulatory peptide (HARP), or osteoblast-specific factor (OSF-1), is an 18 kDa secreted, strongly heparin-binding, developmentally regulated cytokine (1 ‑ 3). PTN and Midkine share 50% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, share some functions, and constitute a family (1 ‑ 3). The second of two TSP1 domains contains the highest affinity binding site for heparin (4, 5). A 15 kDa form which lacks the C-terminus is mitogenic for glioblastoma cells, while full-length PTN is not (6). PTN is a highly conserved protein; human, mouse, rat, canine, porcine, equine and bovine PTN share 98% aa sequence identity or greater. During development, PTN is involved in development of brain, bone, and organs undergoing branching morphogenesis (3). In the adult, it is induced by PDGF and upregulated in many cancers, hematopoietic stem cells and tissues undergoing remodeling (7 ‑ 10). Cell surface receptors for PTN include Syndecan-3 (which mediates neurite outgrowth) and the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPRB, also called RPTP beta / zeta (3, 11 ‑ 13). Heparin binding is necessary for engaging these receptors (7, 8). PTN causes PTPRB dimerization and inactivates its phosphatase activity, which allows increased tyrosine phosphorylation of its substrates (12 ‑ 14). One such substrate is the WNT pathway molecule beta -catenin, allowing crosstalk of PTN with WNTs (12). PTN activation of the receptor ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is indirect through PTPRB, and mediates mitogenic, transforming and angiogenic activities of PTN (2, 5, 6, 13). Increased expression of PTN is correlated with neuronal development or stresses such as brain ischemia and Parkinson’s disease (2, 3, 7, 8). Both PTN and Midkine have demonstrated bactericidal activity, but only in the absence of heparin (15).

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.