Antibodies

Gap junctions consist of Connexins (Cx), a family of proteins that form channels linking the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. All Connexin molecules have four membrane-spanning domains, two extracellular domains, and a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal tail of varying length that has an important role in the regulation of the gating properties of the channel. Interestingly Connexin 43 also known as gap junction alpha-1 protein is one of the most abundant gap-junction protein.

Nucleolin is a ubiquitous, nonhistone nucleolar phosphoprotein of exponentially growing eukaryotic cells and is present in abundance at the dense fibrillar and granular regions of nucleolus. Intact nucleolin is the major species and represents 5% of nucleolar protein in actively dividing cells.

Cells of the human body defend themselves against viral infection, but faults in this system could make some people susceptible to suffering particularly bad flu. IFITM3 (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3) is an antiviral protein that has recently appeared in the news because a defective variant has been associated with an increased risk of severe influenza, with particular significance within the Chinese population.

Nanog, a homeodomain (HD) transcription factor, plays a critical role in the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal. Transcription regulator involved in inner cell mass and ES cell proliferation and self-renewal.

The Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) is a member of the C-C chemokine family, and a potent chemotactic factor for monocytes.

Vimentin, a member of the intermediate filament (IF) family, is a protein responsible for maintaining cellular integrity and reducing damage caused by stress.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase and has been known to play its role in cell growth and proliferation. mTOR is activated by phosphorylationin response to growth factors, mitogens and hormones. Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that specifically inhibit the activity of mTOR.

As the hormone ghrelin is linked to appetite and weight gain, as well as impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, there is considerable interest in this peptide as a potential drug target. Although the overall lack of success in this field has been disappointing, research inhibiting the ghrelin-modifying enzyme GOAT (MBOAT4) has produced promising results.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a class III intermediate filament (IF) protein and is used as a marker to distinguish astrocytes from other glial cells during development.

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) variously abbreviated as BrdU, BudR, and BrdUrd, is a synthetic thymidine analog that gets incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells during the S-phase of the cell cycle and has a long history of heavy use in molecular and cytokinetic studies (1).