Histone H2AX [p Ser139] Antibody

Product Discontinued

Histone H2AX [p Ser139] Antibody Summary

• Immunogen: The antiserum was produced against synthesized phosphopeptide derived from human Histone H2A.X around the phosphorylation site of serine 139 (Q-A-SP-Q-E).
• Modification: p Ser139
• Marker: DNA Double-strand break marker
• Specificity: Histone H2A.X (specific to Phospho-Ser139) detects endogenous levels of Histone H2A.X only when phosphorylated at serine 139.
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: H2AX
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
  • Western Blot
• Theoretical MW: 15 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Reactivity Notes

This antibody is reactive against Human.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS [pH 7.4] contains 150mM NaCl, and 50% glycerol (without Mg2+ and Ca2+)
• Preservative: 0.02% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Notes

Licensed to Novus Biologicals LLC under U.S. Patent Nos. 6,362,317 and 6,884,873.

Alternate Names for Histone H2AX [p Ser139] Antibody

• H2A.X
• H2A/X
• H2AFX
• Histone H2AX

Background

Gamma H2AX (gammaH2AX) is the phosphorylated version of histone H2AX and is a marker for double-stranded breaks (DSBs) caused by DNA damage (1-4). H2AX is a variant of histone H2A, one of the histone core molecules forming the nucleosome, and is a vital component in repairing DNA damage (1-4). The H2AX variant represents between 2-25% of total H2A (1-3). Human H2AX protein is 143 amino acids in length and has a theoretical molecular weight of 15 kDa (5). As a result of DSBs, H2AX becomes phosphorylated at serine-139 and gamma H2AX is generated as a response to genomic instability (1-4). Gamma H2AX and its phosphorylation can be detected through western blotting and immunofluorescence, serving as a biomarker for DSB frequency (1-4). Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is considered a key protein for H2AX phosphorylation (1-4). Upon the phosphorylation and formation of gamma H2AX, many repair proteins become associated including breast cancer 1 protein (BRCA1), NBS1 (Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1)/hMRE11 (human meiotic recombination 11 protein)/ hRAD50 (N/M/R) repair complex, and 53BP1 (p53 binding protein 1) (1-4). Gamma H2AX detection assays are currently utilized for a variety of purposes, from studying DNA repair to drug development and radiation biodosimetry (4).

References

1. Palla, V. V., Karaolanis, G., Katafigiotis, I., Anastasiou, I., Patapis, P., Dimitroulis, D., & Perrea, D. (2017). gamma-H2AX: Can it be established as a classical cancer prognostic factor?. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010428317695931

2. Kuo, L. J., & Yang, L. X. (2008). Gamma-H2AX - a novel biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks. In vivo (Athens, Greece).

3. Kinner, A., Wu, W., Staudt, C., & Iliakis, G. (2008). Gamma-H2AX in recognition and signaling of DNA double-strand breaks in the context of chromatin. Nucleic acids research. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn550

4. Redon, C. E., Weyemi, U., Parekh, P. R., Huang, D., Burrell, A. S., & Bonner, W. M. (2012). gamma-H2AX and other histone post-translational modifications in the clinic. Biochimica et biophysica acta. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.02.021

5. H2AX: Uniprot (P16104)

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: H2AX
• Entrez:
  • 3014(Human)
  • 15270(Mouse)
  • 500987(Rat)
• Uniprot:
  • P16104()