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HAF007). For additional reference, recombinant human JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 (1 ng/lane) were included. Specific bands for JNK2 were detected at approximately 46 and 54 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1." class="big_lightbox" target="_blank">
NL007) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. Staining was performed using our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells." class="big_lightbox" target="_blank">
HAF018). Specific bands were detected for JNK2 at approximately 45 and 54 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HEK293T cell line, but is not detectable in knockout HEK293T cell line. GAPDH (Catalog # MAB5718) is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1." class="big_lightbox" target="_blank">
JNK protein kinases are distantly related to mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERKs) and are activated by dual phosphorylation on Tyr and Thr. The JNK protein kinase group includes the 46-kDa isoform JNK1 and the 55-kDa protein kinase JNK2. The activities of both JNK isoforms are markedly increased by exposure of cells to UV radiation (1). JNK becomes activated in vivo in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines or cellular stresses. Its full activation requires the phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif, which can be catalysed by the protein kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MKK4 and MKK7 (2). JNK2 functions in a cell-type-specific and stimulus-dependent manner, being required for apoptosis of immature thymocytes induced by anti-CD3 antibody but not for apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody, UVC or dexamethasone. JNK2 is not required for activation-induced cell death of mature T cells (3).