Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an analytic biochemical assay that utilizes enzyme-linked antibodies on a microwell platform to quantitate specific proteins within biological samples. Visual detection is then achieved by adding the enzyme’s substrate, which causes a color-changing reaction to occur. There are three different types of ELISA that are most commonly used: indirect ELISA, sandwich ELISA and competitive ELISA. These assays are extremely useful for high-throughput diagnostic screenings drug testing.
Novus offers a range of support options for ELISA when you buy a product to help you with your ELISA experiment including:
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | AF1433-SP | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB500-205 | |||
| BSA Free | NB500-205SS | |||
| BSA Free | NB500-238SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-80969 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB200-106SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-56505SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-33211 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NBP1-76769SS | |||
![N/A Testosterone [Biotin]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_Testosterone_KGE010_ELISA_912.jpg "N/A Testosterone [Biotin]")
![N/A Testosterone [Biotin]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/Testosterone_KGE010_ELISA_409.jpg)
![N/A CCL20/MIP-3 alpha [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_CCL20_DM3A00_ELISA_752.jpg "N/A CCL20/MIP-3 alpha [HRP]")
![N/A CCL20/MIP-3 alpha [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_CCL20_DM3A00_ELISA_753.jpg)
![N/A CCL20/MIP-3 alpha [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/CCL20_DM3A00_ELISA_137.jpg)
![N/A Adiponectin/Acrp30 [Biotin]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_Adiponectin_DY1119_ELISA_1577.jpg "N/A Adiponectin/Acrp30 [Biotin]")
![N/A Corticosterone [Biotin]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_Corticosterone_KGE009_ELISA_911.jpg "N/A Corticosterone [Biotin]")
![N/A Corticosterone [Biotin]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/Corticosterone_KGE009_ELISA_506.jpg)
![N/A Corticosterone [Biotin]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/Corticosterone_KGE009_ELISA_507.jpg)
![N/A Corticosterone [Biotin]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/Corticosterone_KGE009_ELISA_508.jpg)
![N/A Angiopoietin-1 [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_Angiopoietin1_DANG10_ELISA_572.jpg "N/A Angiopoietin-1 [HRP]")
![N/A Angiopoietin-1 [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_Angiopoietin1_DANG10_ELISA_573.jpg)
![N/A Angiopoietin-1 [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/Angiopoietin-1_DANG10_ELISA_29.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - Low-power image of human high-grade chondrosarcoma displays strong cellular expression of survivin protein (A). High-power magnification reveals the predominantly cytoplasmic staining, although strong nuclear signals are detectable (B). Other specimen of a grade III chondrosarcoma stained with monoclonal antibody, shows a similar pattern of staining (C and D). For A and B the polyclonal rabbit anti-survivin antibody [AF886] was used. For C and D the monoclonal mouse Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] was used. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-11-120), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Survivin-Antibody-60-11-Immunohistochemistry-NB500-238-img0019.jpg "<b>Independent Antibodies Validation. </b>Immunohistochemistry: Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - Low-power image of human high-grade chondrosarcoma displays strong cellular expression of survivin protein (A). High-power magnification reveals the predominantly cytoplasmic staining, although strong nuclear signals are detectable (B). Other specimen of a grade III chondrosarcoma stained with monoclonal antibody, shows a similar pattern of staining (C and D). For A and B the polyclonal rabbit anti-survivin antibody [AF886] was used. For C and D the monoclonal mouse Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] was used. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-11-120), licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![<b>Independent Antibodies Validation. </b>Flow (Intracellular): Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - An intracellular stain was performed on A549 cells with Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] and a matched isotype control. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeablized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by mouse F(ab)2 IgG (H+L) APC-conjugated secondary antibody (F0101B, R&D Systems). Image using the Unpurified form of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Survivin-Antibody-60-11-Flow-Intracellular-NB500-238-img0015.jpg)
![Western Blot: Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - Survivin detection in 30ug of HeLa whole cell extract using [NB500-238] at 1ug/ml. Detected at predicted molecular weight of 16 kDa.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Survivin-Antibody-60-11-Western-Blot-NB500-238-img0006.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - Knockdown Validation of Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238]. Suppression of survivin expression by transfection of siRNA. RNA interference was performed in SW1353 and Hs 819.T, either for GFP as control or for survivin. A: A pronounced decrease of survivin protein levels was measured by immunoblotting in SW1353 and Hs819.T. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-11-120), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Survivin-Antibody-60-11-Knockdown-Validated-NB500-238-img0020.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - HeLa cells stained NB500-205 (Green) detected with DyLight Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody. Nuclei are counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (Blue). Image using the Unpurified format of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Survivin-Antibody-60-11-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB500-238-img0021.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - Staining of ovary cancer. Image using the Unpurified format of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Survivin-Antibody-60-11-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-238-img0022.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - An intracellular stain was performed on U2OS cells with Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238AF700] (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 700.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Survivin-Antibody-60-11-Flow-Cytometry-NB500-238-img0017.jpg)
![Flow (Intracellular): Survivin Antibody (60.11) [NB500-238] - An intracellular stain was performed on Daudi cells with Survivin Antibody (60.11)[NB500-238] (blue) and a matched isotype control, Mouse IgG2a Kappa Light Chain Isotype Control (MG2a-53) [NB600-986] (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeablized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by mouse F(ab)2 IgG (H+L) APC-conjugated secondary antibody (F0101B, R&D Systems).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Survivin-Antibody-60-11-Flow-Intracellular-NB500-238-img0014.jpg)
![Western Blot: Survivin Antibody (60.11) - BSA Free [NB500-238] - Binding of antibody (60.11) used in imaging flow cytometry to full-length survivin protein & to survivin vaccine peptide aa53-67/M57 & wild type peptide aa53-67 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.21773), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-238_mouse-monoclonal-survivin-antibody-60-11-31020241539726.jpg)
![Western Blot: Survivin Antibody (60.11) - BSA Free [NB500-238] - CD133+ cells are more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. STA-ET-8.2 cells were FACS-sorted & CD133+ & CD133- fractions treated with increasing concentrations of (A) Doxorubicin (Doxo), (B) Etoposide (Etop), (C) Vincristine (Vinc) or (D) a combination of all three drugs at high (Doxo 10 μM; Etop 10 ug/ml; Vinc 100 ng/ml), medium (Doxo 2.5 μM; 20 Etop 2.5 ug/ml; Vinc 25 ng/ml) & low (Doxo 0.5 μM; Etop 0.5 ug/ml; Vinc5 ng/ml) concentrations. Viability was assessed by MTS assay after 96 hrs (*p < 0.05) & CD133+ cells displayed increased drug resistance. (E): CD133+ & CD133- TC-71 cells are equally sensitive to Doxo, Etop, & Vinc. (F): Western blot reveals no difference in apoptosis & drug resistance protein expression between unsorted & CD133-sorted STA-ET-8.2 cell fractions. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20346143), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb500-238_mouse-monoclonal-survivin-antibody-60-11-310202416163762.jpg)
![N/A VEGF-C [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_VEGFC_DVEC00_ELISA_873.jpg "N/A VEGF-C [HRP]")
![N/A VEGF-C [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_VEGFC_DVEC00_ELISA_874.jpg)
![ELISA VEGF-C [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/VEGF-C_DVEC00_ELISA_209.png)
![Western Blot: p19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody [NB200-106] - Analysis of p19ARF/CDKN2A in (A) NIH/3T3 and (B) MEF cells.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/p19ARF-CDKN2A-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB200-106-img0010.jpg "Western Blot: p19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody [NB200-106] - Analysis of p19ARF/CDKN2A in (A) NIH/3T3 and (B) MEF cells.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: p19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody [NB200-106] - Antibody was tested in MEF cells with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/p19ARF-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB200-106-img0004.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: p19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody [NB200-106] - Adult mouse kidney (glomerulus). Image from verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/p19ARF-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB200-106-img0006.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: p19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody [NB200-106] - Analysis of FFPE mouse spleen using p19ARF/CDKN2A antibody at 10 ug/mL on a Bond Rx autostainer (Leica Biosystems). The assay involved 20 minutes of heat induced antigen retrieval (HIER) using 10mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) and endogenous peroxidase quenching with peroxide block. The sections were incubated with primary antibody for 30 minutes and Bond Polymer Refine Detection (Leica Biosystems) with DAB was used for signal development followed by counterstaining with hematoxylin. Whole slide scanning and capturing of representative images was performed using Aperio AT2 (Leica Biosystems). Nuclear staining in the germinal centers of spleen was observed. Staining was performed by Histowiz.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/p19ARF-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB200-106-img0005.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Antibody (98A1071) [NB100-56505] - Human liver using 1:200 dilution of anti-Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B antibody (clone 98A1071). The staining was developed with HRP labeled secondary antibody and DAB reagent, and nuclei of cells were counter-stained with hematoxylin. This Osteoprotegerin antibody generated a diffused but weak cytoplasmic staining with a very specific and strong punctate signal at the periphery of the cells.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Osteoprotegerin-TNFRSF11B-Antibody-98A1071-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56505-img0018.jpg "Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Antibody (98A1071) [NB100-56505] - Human liver using 1:200 dilution of anti-Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B antibody (clone 98A1071). The staining was developed with HRP labeled secondary antibody and DAB reagent, and nuclei of cells were counter-stained with hematoxylin. This Osteoprotegerin antibody generated a diffused but weak cytoplasmic staining with a very specific and strong punctate signal at the periphery of the cells.")
![Western Blot: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Antibody (98A1071) [NB100-56505] - Total protein from human MG63 and Daudi cell lines was separated on a 7.5% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. The membrane was probed with 1.0 ug/ml anti-Osteoprotegerin in blocking buffer and detected with an anti-mouse HRP secondary antibody using chemiluminescence.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Osteoprotegerin-TNFRSF11B-Antibody-98A1071-Western-Blot-NB100-56505-img0019.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Antibody (98A1071) [NB100-56505] - MG-63 cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X PBS + 0.05% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with anti-Osteoprotegerin (98A1071) at 5 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Actin was detected with Phalloidin 568 (Red) at a 1:200 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Osteoprotegerin-TNFRSF11B-Antibody-98A1071-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-56505-img0016.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Antibody (98A1071) [NB100-56505] - Intracellular staining of 10^6 HeLa cells using 0.2 ug of OPG antibody, 0.5 ul of PE secondary.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Osteoprotegerin-TNFRSF11B-Antibody-98A1071-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-56505-img0011.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Antibody (98A1071) [NB100-56505] - Human breast tissue stained with OPG antibody (5 ug/ml), peroxidase-conjugate and DAB chromogen.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Osteoprotegerin-TNFRSF11B-Antibody-98A1071-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56505-img0012.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Antibody (98A1071) [NB100-56505] - Staining of human liver. Tissue after heat-induced antigen retrieval. Antibody concentration 5 ug/ml.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Osteoprotegerin-TNFRSF11B-Antibody-98A1071-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56505-img0013.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Osteoprotegerin/TNFRSF11B Antibody (98A1071) [NB100-56505] - Staining of human heart tissue after heat-induced antigen retrieval. Antibody concentration 5 ug/ml.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Osteoprotegerin-TNFRSF11B-Antibody-98A1071-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56505-img0014.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Validation with PD-L1 siRNA Knockdown. HeLa cells were transfected with control siRNAs (lane 1) or PD-L1 siRNAs (lane 2). Loading: 10 ug of HeLa whole cell lysates per lane. Antibodies: NBP1-76769 (2 ug/mL) and GAPDH (0.02 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Knockdown-Validated-NBP1-76769-img0024.jpg "<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Validation with PD-L1 siRNA Knockdown. HeLa cells were transfected with control siRNAs (lane 1) or PD-L1 siRNAs (lane 2). Loading: 10 ug of HeLa whole cell lysates per lane. Antibodies: NBP1-76769 (2 ug/mL) and GAPDH (0.02 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.")
![<b>Independent Antibodies Validation and Genetic Strategies Validation.</b>Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Independent Antibody Validation (IAV) via Protein Expression ProfileLoading: 15 ug of lysates per lane.Antibodies: NBP1-76769 (2 ug/mL), PD-L1 (2 ug/mL), and beta-actin (1 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST.Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit and or anti-mouse IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 and 1:5000 dilution, respectively.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0023.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - CD274 (PD-L1) expression in the HNSCC patients from the TCGA database , HNSCC tissue samples and the HNSCC cells. Immunostaining of PD-L1 obtained from HNSCC tumor cells, immune cells and tumor margin tissues in HNSCC tissue samples (magnification A-200, scale bars 50AI1/4m) : low tumor staining; moderate tumor staining; high tumor staining have been observed. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Lactoferricin B reverses cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells through targeting PD-L1. Cancer Med (2018)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-Negative-NBP1-76769-img0025.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 expression was evaluated in gastric cancer cells. Levels of PD-L1 protein were assessed in normal human gastric epithelial cells and 8 gastric cancer cell lines by Western blots. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Autophagy inhibition enhances PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res (2019)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0026.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Upregulated expression of PD-L1 in cisplatin-resistant cells through IL-6/STAT3. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Lactoferricin B reverses cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells through targeting PD-L1. Cancer Med (2018)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0027.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - CD274 (PD-L1) expression in the HNSCC patients from the TCGA databas HNSCC cells. CD274 expression with survival and its relation with therapy in the HNSCC patients from the TCGA database. Expression of CD274 gene and PD-L1 protein in the established cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells and cisplatin sensitive cells by qRT-PCR and WB (F, H): CD274 (PD-L1) expressed in cisplatin resistant cell. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Lactoferricin B reverses cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells through targeting PD-L1. Cancer Med (2018)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0028.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - U-251 MG cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti- NBP1-76769 at 1 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP1-76769-img0029.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - An intracellular stain was performed on U-251 MG cells with PD-L1 Antibody NBP1-76769 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NBP1-76769-img0030.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Expression of CD274 in Human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cell line upon treatment with 200 mM ethanol. Dilution: 1:1,000 in PBS with 5% BSA. Secondary Ab: anti-Rabbit IgG 1:5,000. Western blot image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0019.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Human tonsil tissue with PD-L1 antibody at 5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP1-76769-img0017.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Staining of human heart tissue with antibody at 2.5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP1-76769-img0010.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1/B7-H1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 in rat heart tissue with at 5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP1-76769-img0020.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Analysis of A-20 cells using B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274 antibody at 0.5 ug/mL. Green: Isotype control. Red : B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274 antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NBP1-76769-img0018.jpg)
![Immunofluorescence: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Human Heart cells with PD-L1 antibody at 20 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunofluorescence-NBP1-76769-img0009.jpg)
![Dual RNAscope ISH-IHC: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - PDCD1 mRNA (red) and PD-L1 protein (green) were detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of human lung cancer. ACD's Integrated Co-Detection Workflow was performed using ACD RNAScope Probe Hs-PDCD1 and PD-L1 antibody at 1:100 dilution. Tissue was stained on Leica Bond RX using RNAscope (TM) 2.5 LS Reagent Kit-RED, BOND Polymer Refine Detection (DAB) and Hematoxylin, BOND Polymer Refine Red Detection and Hematoxylin and RNAscope (TM) 2.5 LS Green Accessory Pack. Tissue was counterstained with 50% hematoxylin (blue).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Dual-RNAscope-ISH-IHC-NBP1-76769-img0031.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - ROS mediated PD-L1 upregulation in FFA-treated LO2 cells. (a) Intracellular ROS in LO2 cells before & after FFA treatment measured by DCFH-DA. (b–d) Expression levels of NOX2 & NOX4 measured using qRT-PCR & western blot. (e) JC-1 probes were used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. (f–j) Intracellular ROS in LO2 cells pretreated with siRNA against NOX4, MitoTEMPO (10 μM), or NAC (5 mM) followed by FFA treatment, measured by DCFH-DA, PD-L1 expression determined by western blot. ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415382415.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Inhibition of NF-kappa B or STAT3 downregulated PD-L1 expression in adi-CM model. a PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of NF-kappa B inhibitor, withaferin A (WA). b PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of STAT3 inhibitor, BP-1-102. c PD-L1 protein levels in B16-F1 cells incubated with WA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 Vs adi-CM group. ##P < 0.01 & ###P < 0.001 Vs DMSO group Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32477009), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-31020241534538.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 expression levels in liver samples & FFA-treated LO2 cells. (a–d) PD-L1 expression & CD8+ T cells in the liver tissues determined by immunohistochemistry. (e) Intracellular lipid accumulation after FFA treatment (0.8 mM) for 24 hour measured by Oil Red staining. (f–i) Expression levels of PD-L1 detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, & immunofluorescence. ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415175299.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Inhibition of NF-kappa B or STAT3 downregulated PD-L1 expression in adi-CM model. a PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of NF-kappa B inhibitor, withaferin A (WA). b PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of STAT3 inhibitor, BP-1-102. c PD-L1 protein levels in B16-F1 cells incubated with WA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 Vs adi-CM group. ##P < 0.01 & ###P < 0.001 Vs DMSO group Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32477009), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415291978.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Inhibition of NF-kappa B or STAT3 downregulated PD-L1 expression in adi-CM model. a PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of NF-kappa B inhibitor, withaferin A (WA). b PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of STAT3 inhibitor, BP-1-102. c PD-L1 protein levels in B16-F1 cells incubated with WA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 Vs adi-CM group. ##P < 0.01 & ###P < 0.001 Vs DMSO group Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32477009), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415175210.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - ROS/ZNF24/PD-L1 pathway activation in NAFLD models. (a) Intracellular ROS in hepatocytes in NAFLD significantly increased. (b) JC-1 probes were used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. (c & d) NOX4 & ZNF24 expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. (e & f) ROS/ZNF24/PD-L1 pathway activation examined by western blot. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415284517.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 limits liver injury in NAFLD models. (a & b) Western blot determined the effect of siRNA against PD-L1. (c) After PD-L1 knockdown, mRNA expression levels of markers of T cell activation measured by qRT-PCR. (d & e) Hepatocyte injury was evaluated by the Tunel assay & ALT/AST measurement. (f) Graph illustrating that both ROS/ZNF24 pathway activation & UBE2I-mediated ZNF24 sumoylation suppression induced by FFA promoted PD-L1 expression. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-31020241529331.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 knockdown aggravated the damage of CD8 + T cells to FFA-treated LO2 cells. (a & b) Western blot determined the effect of siRNA against PD-L1. Coculturing of FFA-treated LO2 cells & CD8 + T cells in vitro. (c) mRNA expression levels of markers of T cell activation measured by qRT-PCR, (d) LO2 cell injury was evaluated by LDH assay, (e) AST or ALT in the supernatants measured by commercial assay kits. # represents that CD8 + T cells were incubated separately with LO2 cells, but supernatants were put together. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415304228.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Upregulated expression of PD‐L1 in cisplatin‐resistant cells through IL‐6/STAT3. The cisplatin resistant CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis cells had increased IL‐6 mRNA & IL‐6 protein production compared to parental cells by qRT‐PCR & ELISA (A, B). CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis were cultured with IL‐6 (10 ng/mL, human recombinant IL‐6, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) for 48 h (C). An anti‐human IL‐6 polyclonal antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) was used to neutralize the biological activities of IL‐6 (E, F). To inhibit signal transduction, CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis cells were pre‐incubated for 1 h with STAT3 inhibitor V (Sigma‐Aldrich, Germany, 500 nmol/L), & then incubated with recombinant human IL‐6 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h before analysis. Data are shown as mean ± SD of 3 independent triplicate cultures (A, B, D, E, F, H). *P < .05, **P < .01 & ***P < .001, compared with the results of control without IL‐6 (D), control IgG (E, F) & with IL‐6 alone (H) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29761938), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202416175266.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - ZNF24 promoted PD-L1 expression through binding to its promoter in FFA-treated LO2 cells. (a) A schematic of the target sites (wild & mutant) of ZNF24 in the promoter of PD-L1. (b–d) Dual-luciferase reporter assays performed in LO2 cells transfected with WT or MT plasmid containing ZNF24-binding sites in the PD-L1 promoter using Lipofectamine 2000 after ZNF24 overexpression. (e–g) ZNF24 expression after FFA treatment determined by qRT-PCR & western blot. (h & i) ZNF24 expression in LO2 cells pretreated with siRNA against NOX4, MitoTEMPO (10 μM), or NAC (5 mM) followed by FFA treatment, measured by western blot. (j & k) ZNF24 & PD-L1 expression in LO2 cells pretreated with siRNA against ZNF24, followed by FFA treatment detected by western blot. ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202416165623.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - LfcinB reduced IL‐6‐dependent PD‐L1 expression in cisplatin‐resistant HNSCC cells (A‐C) & inhibited the xenograft growth from CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis (D, E). The markedly decreased IL‐6 (A) by ELISA & PD‐L1 by WB (B, C) in the acquired cisplatin‐resistant cells were detected. In figure A, C & D, data are shown as mean ± SD of 3 independent triplicate cultures. *P < .05 & **P < .01, compared with the results of control without IL‐6 (A, C). To investigate the effects of LfcinB on in vivo growth of CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis, we treated nude mice carrying CAL27cis (D) & Detroit‐562cis (E) xenografts with once‐daily injection of 0.75 mg LfcinB (n = 5). Tumor growth of HNSCC xenografts displayed significant reduction after 3 days of LfcinB treatment, compared to control with saline (*P < .05 for LfcinB) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29761938), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202416175227.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Identification of ZNF24–UBE2I protein interactions. (a & b) Analysis of protein interactions between ZNF24 & UBE2I using the BioGRID database, further confirmed by Co-IP assays. (c–f) UBE2I expression in LO2 cells treated by FFA or pretreated with siRNA against NOX4, MitoTEMPO (10 μM), or NAC (5 mM) followed by FFA treatment measured by western blot. (g & h) After FFA treatment, Sumo-1: ZNF24 & ZNF24 expression levels detected by western blot. (i & j) After UBE2I overexpression, Sumo-1: ZNF24, ZNF24, PD-L1, & UBE2I expression levels were determined by western blot. (k–m) Dual-luciferase reporter assays performed in LO2 cells transfected with WT plasmid containing ZNF24-binding sites in the PD-L1 promoter using Lipofectamine 2000 after ZNF24 overexpression with or without Sumo-1 overexpression. ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202416175269.jpg)
![N/A IL-1 alpha/IL-1F1 [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_IL1_alpha_DLA50_ELISA_735.jpg "N/A IL-1 alpha/IL-1F1 [HRP]")
![N/A IL-1 alpha/IL-1F1 [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/DATA_IL1_alpha_DLA50_ELISA_736.jpg)
![N/A IL-1 alpha/IL-1F1 [HRP]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/IL-1_alpha_DLA50_ELISA_128.jpg)