Antibody News

Survivin is an anti-apoptotic protein which is the smallest protein within a large family of proteins including X-linked IAP, c-IAP1 and 2, IAP-like protein-2, melanoma IAP, NAIP, and Livin. Survivin is responsible for a wide range of basic cellular functions that include the cell cycle regulation, fetal development, cell migration, and tumor progression. Xu et al from the MD Anderson Cancer Center used the survivin antibody to untangle apoptotic pathway components in promyelocytic leukemia by generating a comprehensive DNA microarray profile of target genes (1). Their detailed experiments allowed them to identify a novel PML4-dependent mechanism that ultimately downregulates survivin.

Western Blot: Survivin...

The Beclin 1 protein is a central regulator of autophagy in mammalian cells. Autophagy is an essential process used to maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cellular components such as damaged or worn out organelles and macromolecules. Autophagy is also activated in response to cellular stresses such as nutrient starvation or intracellular pathogens and can protect the cell from programmed cell death. Beclin 1 acts during the initiation stage of autophagy by forming the isolation membrane, a double-membrane structure that engulfs cytoplasmic material to form the autophagosome. Beclin 1 contains three structural domains: a BH-3 only domain, a central coiled-coil domain (CCD), and an evolutionarily conserved domain (ECD). These domains interact with a network of proteins involved in the regulation of autophagy. Under normal conditions the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 inhibits autophagy...

The ATF6 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-regulated transcription factor is constitutively expressed and plays a central role in the mammalian unfolded protein response (UPR). This fundamental pathway is responsible for balancing cellular homeostasis under stressful conditions resulting from environmental or physiological perturbations. The ATF6 molecule is anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane when in its inactive form. Under conditions when a conversion to the ATF6 active form is required, ATF6 translocates to the Golgi and is cleaved by the S1P and S2P proteases. This intramembrane proteolytic event enables the translocation of the activated, N-terminal ATF6 component to the nucleus, where it continues the downstream cascade by binding to ER stress-response elements within ER stress-response genes (ERSRGs).

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ATG9A is the only essential integral membrane protein involved in autophagy. ATG9A contains six transmembrane domains and initiates the assembly of autophagosomes. The autophagosome is a double-membrane structure that engulfs and eventually degrades cytoplasmic materials such as organelles or macromolecules. Assembly of the autophagosome requires the delivery of lipids and membrane components to initiate and expand the double-membrane pre-autophagosome structure called the isolation membrane. ATG9A localizes to highly mobile cytoplasmic vesicles which are thought to play a key role in recruiting and delivering membrane and lipids to the assembling autophagosome. Interestingly ATG9A localizes only to the outer membrane layer of the double-membrane pre-autophagosome structure. This essential role in autophagosome assembly makes ATG9A an excellent marker for autophagy induction and for examining the membrane dynamics of early autophagosome...

Read our list of eight facts people in a lab will understand including: pipetting counts as thumb cardio, a watched frozen trypsin bottle never thaws, dark bags under your eyes are evidence your experiment needs more optimization,  700 post-it notes are just as good as a lab notebook and more. Do you have a fact that wasn’t included in the list? Submit it in the comments section below and we will add it to our next list.

IL-1 was originally identified and cloned as a lymphocyte mitogen and much later, was found to be comprised of two closely related but distinct proteins, interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). Both these proteins bind to the same cell surface receptor. IL-1 is primarily released from stimulated macrophages, but is also released from several other cell types. Along with other IL-1 gene family members, IL-1 beta falls within a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It plays a key role in inflammatory and immune cell processes.

Western Blot: IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Antibody [NB600-633] - analysis of IL-1 beta in Rhesus fetal membrane using anti-IL-1 beta antibody. 

In their 2009 Nature Medicine publication, French researchers...

SUCNR1 is the cognate receptor for the Kreb's citric acid cycle intermediate succinate. It is of interest to scientists because it is involved in not only energy metabolism but possibly also in renovascular hypertension, a condition linked to diabetes, renal failure, and atherosclerosis.  This G-protein coupled receptor is most highly expressed in the kidney - predominantly in the proximal tubules. Two signaling pathways have been identified downstream from SUCNR1: a pertussis-toxin-sensitive Gi/Go pathway, as well as a pertussis-toxin-insensitive Gq pathway.

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: GPR91 Antibody [NBP1-00861] - IHC staining of GPR91 in mouse Vas Deferens where strong membrane staining is observed.

Ophthalmologists from Shanghai employed the...

This is not a joke, these proteins with funny names actually do exist. View our list of six proteins with funny and unusual names including: Bambi, Yippee-like 3, Wee1, SPAM1, SPOCK1 and Bagpipe homeobox protein homolog 1. Learn more about their function and molecular weight. Do you have a funny protein name not included on the list? Submit a name in the comment section to let us know which ones should be included in our next infographic.  

Novus Biologicals offers reagents for the funny names listed above:

• Bambi reagents
• Yippee-like 3 reagents
• Wee1 reagents
• SPAM1 reagents
• SPOCK 1 reagents
• Bagpipe...

The Dnmt1 enzyme is a member of the C5-methyltransferase family responsible for repairing cytosines in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). This enzyme uses a nucleophilic attack mechanism and is the most abundantly found mammalian DNA methyltransferase. It primarily acts upon CpG residues and prefers hemimethylated residues, but can also methylating unmethylated DNA. The cell relies upon Dnmt1 as its key methylation maintenance enzyme both for DNA replication and repair as well as for de novo methylation during somatic cell development and differentiation. In cell division, it is required for epigenetic inheritance because it complexes with S-phase DNA replication sites to faithfully maintain the original methylation pattern into the newly made strand. To maintain the DNA methylated state of the DNA independently of replication, Dnmt1 also regularly cycles through states of complex formation and localization. It has the following expression pattern: associated with chromatin...

Cytochrome C is a small heme protein within the inner mitochondrial membrane responsible for carrying electrons within the respiratory transport chain.  Additionally, cytochrome c has also been identified as a player in programmed cell death (apoptosis). During the early phases of apoptotic death reactions, cytochrome c translocates from the mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm and serves to trigger the apoptotic proteolytic cascade by activating caspase 3, through association with protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1). Apoptotic programmed death also involves the catalysis of lipid peroxidation in the mitochondria when cytochrome c is bound to acidic lipids such as cardiolipin.

Western Blot: Cytochrome C Antibody (...

Programmed cell death via apoptosis is a key controlled physiological process instigated by the cell death receptor family, their ligands, and the caspase cysteine protease family. All caspases exist in a precursor form that contains a prodomain, and large and small catalytic subunits. A cleavage event adjacent to an aspartate liberates one large and one small subunit, which are now free to associate into an active a2b2 tetramer. Caspases are activated by triggers such as ligand-receptor interactions, growth factor deprivation, and cell function inhibitors. Caspase 8 is the directly connection between CD95 activation and the caspase network, and caspase 8 overexpression causes apoptosis.

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Caspase 8 Antibody [NBP1-05123] - Formalin-fixed,...

Autophagy, also known as macroautophagy, supplies alternative fuel for cells that are under environmental stress conditions (including starvation, growth factor deprivation, and hypoxia). This highly regulated and catabolic cell process recycles and repurposes pre-existing organelles as well as existing macromolecules and is a very evolutionarily conserved and fundamental process to preserve cells under adverse conditions. The LC3B protein is a subunit of the LC3 autophagy complex that associates with the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) 1A and 1B. LC3B, along with its associated molecules, helps guide and regulates autophagosome assembly and formation. In its inactive and resting state, LC3B is found in the cytosol, but upon activation LC3B is localized to the autophagosomal membrane. LC3B and caspase-3 were used as biomarkers by scientists in a unique three-dimensional bovine mammary epithelial cell (MEC) culture model...