Autophagy is an essential process that cells utilize to degrade and recycle damaged material and fuel metabolism, especially under stress. The process is evolutionarily conserved and complex, relying on over 20 key proteins. Induction of autophagy is mediated by the formation of the ULK and BECLIN complexes, the latter of which includes BH3-containing proteins and AMBRA1, resulting in the formation of a double membrane phagophore structure.
