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IL-5 (T cell replacing factor (TRF), eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF)) is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates the proliferation, differentiation and activation of eosinophils. It is produced by mast cells, T cells and eosinophils and has an important role in activating cell-mediated immunity following parasitic infections. It belongs to the same cytokine family as IL-3 and GM-CSF. The biologically active IL-5 consists of an antiparallel homodimer linked by disulfide bonds. Human and murine IL-5 are 70% identical at the amino acid level and show species cross-reactivity. IL-5 exerts its effects on target cells by binding to specific cell surface receptors.