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Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), also known as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), is a lipolytic enzyme required for mobilization of fatty acids from triglyceride stores in adipose tissue. Until recently, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was the only enzyme known to hydrolyze triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue. However, ATGL has now been shown to catalyze the initial step of triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets. Thus, ATGL and HSL coordinate to catabolize stored triglycerides in adipose tissue of mammals.
Defects in PNPLA2 can lead to neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM), a neutral lipid storage disorder with myopathy but without ichthyosis.
ATGL antibodies can serve as useful tools for adipocyte studies and research on triglyceride processing and fat storage.