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Bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Through molecular cloning, 7 BMP cDNAs, designated BMP1 through BMP7, have been recovered. BMP2 through BMP7, are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of regulatory molecules. Transcript variants utilizing alternative promoters and alternative non-coding first exons have been described in the literature.