Recombinant Human CHST1 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Enzyme Activity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human CHST1 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to transfer sulfate from PAPS to alpha -Lactose. The specific activity is >500 pmol/min/μg, as measured under the described conditions.
• Source: Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 1/CHST1 protein
  Arg24-Ser411, with an N-terminal 6-His tag
• Accession #: NP_003645
• N-terminal Sequence: His
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Enzymes
• Gene: CHST1
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Enzyme Activity
• Theoretical MW: 45 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 58 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 6 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after opening.
• Buffer: Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Tris and NaCl.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Assay Procedure:
  • Assay Buffer: 50 mM Tris, 500 mM NaCl, 15 mM MgCl₂, pH 7.5
  • Recombinant Human Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 1/CHST1 (rhCHST1) (Catalog # 5316-ST)
  • 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate/PAPS (Catalog # ES019)
  • alpha -lactose (Sigma, Catalog # L2643), 0.3 M stock in deionized water
  • Universal Sulfotransferase Activity Kit (Catalog # EA003)
  • 96-well Clear Plate (Costar, Catalog # 92592)
  • Plate Reader (Model: SpectraMax Plus by Molecular Devices) or equivalent
  1. Dilute 1 mM Phosphate Standard provided by the Universal Sulfotransferase Kit by adding 40 µL of the 1 mM Phosphate Standard to 360 µL of Assay Buffer for a 100 µM stock.
  2. Prepare standard curve by performing six one-half serial dilutions of the 100 µM Phosphate stock in Assay Buffer. The standard curve has a range of 0.078 to 5 nmol per well.
  3. Prepare reaction mixture containing 0.4 mM PAPS, 200 mM alpha -lactose, and 40 μg/mL Coupling Phosphatase 3 in Assay Buffer.
  4. Dilute rhCHST1 to 6 µg/mL in Assay Buffer.
  5. Load 50 µL of each dilution of the standard curve into a plate. Include a curve blank containing 50 μL of Assay Buffer.
  6. Load 25 µL of the 6 µg/mL rhCHST1 into the plate. Include a Control containing 25 µL of Assay Buffer.
  7. Add 25 µL of reaction mixture to the wells, excluding the standard curve.
  8. Cover the plate with a plate sealer and incubate at 37 °C for 20 minutes.
  9. Add 30 µL of the Malachite Green Reagent A to all wells. Mix briefly.
  10. Add 100 µL of deionized water to all wells. Mix briefly.
  11. Add 30 µL of the Malachite Green Reagent B to all wells. Mix and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature.
  12. Read plate at 620 nm (absorbance) in endpoint mode.
  13. Calculate specific activity:

  Specific Activity (pmol/min/µg) = (Phosphate released* (nmol) x (1000 pmol/nmol)) / (Incubation time (min) x amount of enzyme (µg) x coupling rate**)

  *Derived from the phosphate standard curve using linear or 4-parameter fitting and adjusted for Control.
  **Coupling rate is 0.49 for conditions described.

  Per Reaction:
  • rhCHST1: 0.15 μg
  • Coupling Phosphatase 3: 1.0 μg
  • PAPS: 0.2 mM
  • alpha –lactose: 100 mM

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human CHST1 Protein, CF

• 6-O-sulfotransferase 1
• C6ST
• carbohydrate (chondroitin 6/keratan) sulfotransferase 1
• carbohydrate (keratan sulfate Gal-6) sulfotransferase 1
• Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 1
• CHST1
• EC 2.8.2
• Galactose/N-acetylglucosamine/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase 1
• GST-1
• Keratan sulfate Gal-6 sulfotransferase
• KS6ST
• KSGal6ST
• KSGal6STEC 2.8.2.21
• KSST

Background

The CHST family is comprised of 14 enzymes in humans. All members of this family are Golgi-localized type II membrane proteins. Only the luminal and enzymatic domain is expressed in each of our recombinant CHST proteins. These enzymes transfer sulfate (i.e., sulfonate) onto the 6-O or 4-O positions of GalNAc, Gal and GlcNAc residues on glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids (1). This sulfation often creates specific epitopes that can be recognized by extracellular matrix proteins, cell surface receptors and viruses (2). CHST1, also known as keratan sulfate Gal-6 sulfotransferase, transfers sulfate to position 6 of galactose residues on keratan sulfate (3). It also has sulfotransferase activity on sialyl N-acetyllactosamine structures and participates in biosynthesis of selectin ligands that play a central role in lymphocyte homing at sites of inflammation (4). Human CHST1 shares 94% amino acid sequence identity with mouse CHST1. The activity of the recombinant human CHST1 is measured using a PAP-specific phosphatase-coupled sulfotransferase assay (5).

1. Hemmerich, S. and S.D. Rosen (2000) Glycobiology 10:849.
2. Bowman, K.G. and C.R. Bertozzi (1999) Chem. Biol. 5:447.
3. Fukuta, M. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:32321.
4. Yamada, T. et al. (2004) Biochem. J. 384: 567.
5. Prather, B. et al. (2012) Anal Biochem. 423:86.

Publications for Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 1/CHST1/KS6ST (5316-ST)(2)

Publications using 5316-ST

• C Quin, SD Vicaretti, NA Mohtarudin, AM Garner, DM Vollman, DL Gibson, WF Zandberg Influence of sulfonated and diet-derived human milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiome and immune markers J. Biol. Chem., 2020;0(0):. 2020 [PMID: 32014993] (Enzyme Assay)
• Wu ZL, Prather B, Ethen CM Detection of specific glycosaminoglycans and glycan epitopes by in vitro sulfation using recombinant sulfotransferases. Glycobiology, 2011;21(5):625-33. 2011 [PMID: 21169395] (Enzyme Assay, Bovine)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CHST1
• Uniprot:
  • NP_003645()