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Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF , filgrastim, pegfilgrastim or lenograstim) is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells committed to the neutrophil/granulocyte lineage, in a dose-dependent manner. It is produced by a variety of cells including macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and bone marrow stroma in response to specific stimulation by f.ex. endotoxin, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Clinical applications of G-CSF include treatment of leukopenia following cancer therapy and bone marrow transplantation. Human and murine G-CSF are cross-species reactive. Recombinant human G-CSF is a 18.7 kDa glycoprotein containing 174 amino acid residues.