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Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is an apolipoprotein located in chylomicrons and intermediate-density lipoproteins that is necessary for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents in the liver. APOE has recently been shown to be involseveral biological processes other than lipoprotein transport, including cognition and immunoregulation.
Lipoproteins are responsible for carrying cholesterol and other fats through the bloodstream as little packages and are essential for the normal breakdown of these molecules. In particular, apolipoprotein E is a major component of specific lipoproteins called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). A major function of VLDLs is to remove excess cholesterol from the blood and carry it to the liver for processing. Maintaining normal levels of cholesterol is essential for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.
The three Apo E isoforms are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, so ApoE antibodies have become useful tools for research in both of these areas.