Cancer

DNA repair protein RAD50 is a component of the MRN complex (Mre11-RAD50-Nbs1) responsible for DNA double strand break (DSB) repair.

Dnmt1 belongs to the C5-methyltransferase family that repairs cytosines in dsDNA using a nucleophilic attack mechanism. Dnmt1 is the most abundant mammalian DNA methyltransferase. It is the key methylation maintenance enzyme for both DNA replication/repair and de novo methylation during somatic cell development and differentiation.

Myc genes (L-Myc, N-Myc and C-Myc) are a family of transcription factors. c-Myc is involved in transcription regulation, apoptosis and cell growth. Mutations in c-Myc have been tied to several cancers.

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Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is the master regulator of the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway. ATM is a key part of the cell cycle machinery that activates checkpoint signaling in response to DSBs, apoptosis, and genotoxic insults. ATM normally exists in its inactive state as a dimer or tetramer - upon DNA damage, it dissociates into monomers triggered by its own autophosphorylation.

Noxa is a pro-apoptotic gene belonging to the Bcl2 protein family that is unique in that it contains only BH3 domain. The BH3-only subclass of proteins, including proteins like PUMA and Bim in addition to Noxa, regulate the remaining Bcl-2 family members.

MTH1 (human MutT Homolog 1) is a purine nucleoside triphosphatase enzyme and belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. In mammalian systems, MTH is a major detoxifier of the oxidized DNA precursors, 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-dATP, and 2-OH-dATP and prevents the misincorporation of these purine nucleoside triphosphates into DNA and the subsequent occurrence of A:T pairs to C:G and G:C to T:A pair transversions. The MTH enzyme can also hydrolyze the corresponding ribonucleotides, 8-oxo-GTP, 8-oxo-ATP, and 2-OH-ATP.

IKK beta, also known as IKK2, activates the NFkB complex by phosphorylating the NFkB inhibitor, IkBa. Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and some not, have been found for IKKB. The Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kB) family of transcription factors regulates the expression of a wide range of genes critical for immune and inflammatory responses, cell survival, immune development, and cell proliferation (1). NF-kB was firstly identified by Dr.

Cytochrome C is an electron carrier protein that localizes in mitochondrion intermembrane space and has been identified as one of the key signaling molecules of apoptosis or programmed cell death. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol.

DNA-methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B), also known as DNA methyltransferase HsaIIIB, is a member of the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily and C5-methyltransferase family. DNMT3B plays an essential role in the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development and is vital for genome-wide de novo methylation.