Antibody catalog

Tyrosine hydroxylase is a member of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAAH) family.  It is expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), which can be, through a series of downstream enzymatic reactions, processed into the neurotransmitter and signaling molecule dopamine. Dopamine can then be further altered to produce norepinephrine or epinephrine.

Actin is an abundant cytoskeletal protein involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell motility, cell division, and muscle contraction. Actin monomers assemble into filaments and can provide a track for transport of cargo by the molecular motor myosin (1). Alternatively, interaction with myosin allows contraction between actin filaments. This contractility is essential during cell migration and cytokinesis (1). On a larger scale, organized scaffolds of actin filaments interact with myosin to provide mechanical force during muscle contraction (1).

Microtubules are a main component of the cytoskeleton and play essential roles in a variety of cellular processes. These highly dynamic tubular structures are assembled from alpha- and beta-tubulin dimers to form a complex structural network of microtubules throughout the cytoplasm. This network provides a substrate for intracellular trafficking of vesicles, organelles, and other cargo and can also facilitate cell migration. Additionally, during cell division, microtubules make up the mitotic spindle and provide the mechanical force for chromosome segregation.

Autophagy is a cellular mechanism used to regulate cell metabolism and to recycle or degrade damaged organelles and proteins. This is accomplished through the engulfment of cargo in a double-membrane structure called the autophagosome. The autophagosome fuses with the vacuole or the lysosome where hydrolytic enzymes facilitate the degradation of biomolecules. Each step of autophagy is a tightly regulated process from the recognition of cargo to the assembly of the autophagosome. ATG11 is an important scaffolding protein that seems to be involved in selective autophagy.

Conjugated antibodies are essential research tools for countless cell and molecular assays. While much of the time a researcher’s needs can be met with the wide variety of commercially available antibody conjugates, some applications may call for a unique reagent. For this reason some scientists opt for the flexibility of conjugating their own antibodies.

Beta-Actin is a highly conserved protein involved in cell growth, cytoskeletal and extracellular support structures and cell migration. Because beta-Actin is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, it is frequently used as a loading control for assays involving protein detection, such as Western blots.

Diabetes is a disease that impacts over 29 million people in the US (1). It is metabolic disorder that is the result of a high level or sugar or glucose in the blood. The three types of diabetes are Type 1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes, with Type 2 being the most common worldwide (2). The factors that contribute to a person getting Type 1 or Type 2 are largely unknown, but genetics, obesity and exercise have been linked to diabetes (3). Learn more about diabetes in our infographic below.

ChREBP (carbohydrate response element-binding protein) is a glucose responsive basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLH/LZ) transcription factor that binds MLX and then carbohydrate response element /ChoRE for the induction of genes involved in glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and fatty acid desaturation. ChREBP’s target genes includes glucokinase (GCK), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), pyruvate kinase/liver type pyruvate kinase (PK1/ PKLR), delta-9-desaturase (SCD/SCD1) etc.

Copper is an essential micronutrient that serves as a cofactor in numerous biological processes, but can be toxic when present in excess. Because of this, cells must tightly maintain copper levels. This includes balance between import and export of cellular copper. The major copper importer in humans is the high-affinity copper transporter SLC31A1 or CTR1. The localization of CTR1 varies between cell types, but is commonly found at the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles [1-3].   

Trex1 the protein is involved in DNA damage response. Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex) the dinosaur lived during the Cretaceous Period. Raptor the protein is a regulator of mTOR activity. Velociraptors the dinosaurs lived during the Cretaceous Period. Learn more about Trex1 and Raptor proteins as well as some fun facts about the tyrannosaurus rex and the velociraptor in our infographic below.